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Anp Flash Cards > Respiratory Chap > Flashcards

Respiratory Chap Flashcards

1
Q

How is oxygen obtained from air

A

Diffusion across exchange surfaces of alveoli

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2
Q

Alveoli

A

Air-filled pockets where gas exchange occurs

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3
Q

What is in the larynx

A

Vocal folds, glottis

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4
Q

Cardiac notch

A

Indentation in left lung where the heart rests

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5
Q

Where is respiratory mucosa found

A

Conducting portions

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6
Q

Cillia function in respiratory system

A

Move substances towards pharynx

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7
Q

Alveolar epithelium feature

A

Delicate simple squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What do filtration mechanisms for respiratory system do

A

Removes particles and pathogens

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9
Q

Nasal septum

A

Separates left and right nasal cavities

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10
Q

What is the superior portion of nasal cavity

A

Olfactory region

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11
Q

What cleans and moistens nasal cavity

A

Tears and mucous from paranasal sinus

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12
Q

Parts of nasal turbinate

A

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal turbinate

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13
Q

Nasal conchae function

A

Turbinate air flow by vibrating the air

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14
Q

Where is trachea

A

Anterior to esophagus

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15
Q

Glottis

A

Passageway into trachea

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16
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that allows air into glottis conditionally

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17
Q

Parts of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx,oropharynx, & laryngopharynx

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18
Q

What is thyroid cartilage made of

A

Hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

What is cricoid cartilage made of

A

Hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

What is epiglottis made of

A

Elastic cartilage

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21
Q

What is tracheal cartilage

A

C shaped cartilage rings that line trachea

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22
Q

What does tracheal cartilage do

A

Allow trachea to expand and contract, & prevent it from collapsing

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23
Q

Corniculate & arytenoid cartilage function

A

Opening and closing of glottis,& production of sound

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24
Q

What increases volume of sound from voice box

A

If more air goes out

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25
Q

How are sound waves produced by larynx

A

Air passing through glottis vibrate vocal chords

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26
Q

Where is the carina

A

Point of branching of primary bronchi

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27
Q

Bronchial tree

A

A formation consisting of primary bronchi and its branches

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28
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation if bronchial walls

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29
Q

Asthma

A

Excessive stimulation and bronchoconstriction restricting airflow

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30
Q

Surfactant

A

Oily secretion that coats alveolar surfaces reducing surface tension

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31
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

Difficult respiration due to alveolar collapse (caused by lack of surfactant)

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32
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of alveoli

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33
Q

Where is ACE located

A

Alveolar capillaries

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34
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Clot in pulmonary vessels

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35
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Swelling in pulmonary vessels

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36
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Interaction of outside air and alveoli

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37
Q

External respiration

A

Relationship between alveoli & blood

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38
Q

Internal respiration

A

Relationship between cells and blood

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39
Q

Boyles law

A

Pressure and volume are inverse

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40
Q

How do we move air through lungs

A

Volume changes of the lungs, inversely changing the pressure

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41
Q

What causes inspiration

A

Rib cage elevation, and diaphragm depression
(Increasing volume)

42
Q

What happens if the pressure outside=pressure inside lungs

A

No net movement of air

43
Q

What happens if pressure outside is more than pressure inside lungs

A

Pressure inside is less so air flows into lungs (inspiration)

44
Q

What happens if pressure inside is greater than pressure outside

A

Pressure inside rises causing exhalation

45
Q

Compliance

A

Expandability of lungs

46
Q

Factors that affect compliance

A

Connective tissues of lungs, surfactant production, mobility of thoracic cage

47
Q

Conversion of 1 atmospheric pressure to mm per mercury at sea level

A

1 atm= 760 mm Hg

48
Q

What happens to atm at higher elevations

A

Atm will drop

49
Q

What happens to atm at lower elevations

A

Atm will increase

50
Q

What operates the respiratory pump

A

Respiratory cycle: Cyclical changes of intrapleural pressure

51
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air moved in and out of lungs in a single respiratory cycle (at rest)

52
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air in pleural cavity

53
Q

What does pneumothorax cause

A

Atelectasis (collapsed lung)

54
Q

Eupnea

A

Quiet breathing

55
Q

Elastic rebound in respiratory system

A

Elastic components of respiratory system recoil because respiratory muscle relaxation

56
Q

Respiratory rate

A

Number of breathes per minute

57
Q

Anatomic dead space

A

Volume of air remaining in conducting passages

58
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

Part of respiratory minute volume that reaches alveoli surfaces

59
Q

Resting tidal volume

A

Volume in a normal respiratory cycle

60
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume After a normal exhalation

61
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume after maximum exhalation
-minimal exhalation (for collapsed lung)

62
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Volume After normal respiration

63
Q

What is the total lung capacity estimate

A

5-6,000 mL

64
Q

Henry’s law explains?

A

How gases dissolve in liquids

65
Q

Dalton’s law

A

Sum of individual pressure that makes up air

66
Q

Gases in the atmosphere from greatest to least

A

N2, O2, H2O, CO2

67
Q

Partial pressure

A

Pressure contributed by each gas in the atmosphere

68
Q

Comparison of O2 and CO2 solubility

A

O2 is less soluble, and CO2 is very soluble

69
Q

What is direction of diffusion of gases based on

A

Partial pressure differences and solubility

70
Q

What is the partial pressure of o2 and CO2 in pulmonary arteries

A

Low O2 partial pressure and high CO2 partial pressure

71
Q

Features of carbon monoxide

A

Binds to hemoglobin stronger than O2

72
Q

What does acidosis represent

A

High Co2 in blood which results in fainting due to high amount of O2 being released

73
Q

What does alkalosis represent

A

Higher saturation of O2 in blood

74
Q

Bohr effect

A

Hemoglobin’s o2 binding affinity is inversely related to acidity and P(CO2) concentration

75
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

Enzyme that produces carbonic acid

76
Q

How is CO2 removed from the body

A

(70%) Converted to carbonic acid
(25%)Bound to hemoglobin
(1%)Dissolved in plasma

77
Q

How does peripheral and alveolar capillaries maintain balance during gas exchange

A

Changes in blood flow and oxygen delivery

Changes in depth and rate of respiration

78
Q

What happens if oxygen demands rise

A

Cardiac output and respiratory rate increase via neural stimuli

79
Q

Respiratory centers of the brain

A

Pons and medulla oblongata

80
Q

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

A

Inspiratory center, eupnea and forced breathing

81
Q

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

A

Inspiratory and expiratory center, only for forced breathing

82
Q

Apneustic centers function

A

Provides continuous stimulation of DRG center

83
Q

Pneumotaxic centers function

A

Inhibit apneustic centers promote passive or active breathing

84
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

Issue with respiratory control centers. Disruption of respiratory reflex patterns.

85
Q

What do proprioreceptors do in the lungs

A

Respond to changes in lung volume

86
Q

Function of pleural cavity

A

Keeps the lungs inflated because of its negative pressure
-like a suction

87
Q

Partial pressure of O2 at sea level

A

160 mm Hg

88
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Forced breathing

89
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Rise in blood CO2 levels

90
Q

Trans pulmonary pressure

A

Pressure difference between intrapleural pressure and intrapulmonary pressure

91
Q

Function of Transpulmonary pressure

A

Keeps lungs spaces open for air conduction
-prevent collapse

92
Q

Emphysema

A

Problem with alveolar walls break down reducing surface area

93
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Pressure exerted by surrounding air

94
Q

Nitrogen narcosis

A

Nitrogen comes out of blood causing destruction of blood vessels, potentially causing brain damage

95
Q

Cause of rapture of the deep

A

Drastic altitude changes

96
Q

Oxygen transport

A

1%- dissolved in plasma
99%- bound to hemoglobin

97
Q

Apnea

A

Breathing cessation

98
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Low blood CO2 levels

99
Q

Acclimatization

A

Respiratory and hematopoietic long-term adjustment to high altitude

100
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.

101
Q

What treats sleep apnea

A

CPAP machine

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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