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Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of digestive system

A

Acquire nutrient from environment for cellular metabolism

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Excess swelling of peritoneal fluid causing abdominal pain

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3
Q

Mesenteries

A

Lining that cover digestive organs (intestines)

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4
Q

Greater omentum

A

Fatty apron that cushions abdominal region

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5
Q

Function of myenteric plexus

A

Stimulate muscles in muscularis layer

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6
Q

What condition occurs from high motility

A

Diarrhea

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7
Q

What condition occurs from low motility

A

Constipation

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8
Q

Which digestive organs have stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral cavity, pharynx,& esophagus

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9
Q

Which digestive organs have simple columnar

A

Stomach, small intestine, and most of large intestines

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10
Q

Bolus

A

Form of food once it enters the pharynx

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11
Q

Segmentation

A

Churning, that occurs in small intestines

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12
Q

Which reflexes do not use central nervous system

A

Short reflexes

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13
Q

Which reflex of digestive system uses central nervous system via cranial nerves

A

Long reflex

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14
Q

Main component of saliva

A

Water

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15
Q

What controls salivary production

A

Parasympathetic neural control

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16
Q

Masticate

A

Chewing of food

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17
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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18
Q

Heartburn

A

Vapors from stomach enter esophagus causing damage to esophageal cells

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19
Q

What special feature of stomach protects it from its acid

A

Stomach Mucous

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20
Q

Ph of stomach

A

1.0-2.0 (around 2

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21
Q

What is chyme when it passes ileocecal valve

A

Feces

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22
Q

Enterokinase function

A

Activates pancreatic trypsinogen

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23
Q

Where does enterokinase come from

A

Wall of small intestines

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24
Q

Function of intestinal juices

A

Buffer and moisten chyme

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25
Gastroenteric reflex
Stimulate motility and secretion along entire small intestines
26
When does gastroenteric reflex occur?
When bolus is moved into the stomach
27
Gastroileal reflex
Triggers relaxation of ileocecal valves
28
What stimulates the release of pancreatic juices
CCK
29
What does cystic duct and common hepatic duct form
Common bile duct
30
What hormones release bile from gallbladder
CCK
31
Feces
Dried up chyme
32
Anal
Opening for feces to exit
33
What causes flatus
Bacteria fermenting indigestible carbs
34
What reflexes move material into cecum while you eat
Gastroileal and gastroenteric reflexes
35
What enzymes are produced in brush borders of small intestines
Maltase, sucrase, and lactase
36
Where does water reabsorption occur in the digestive tract
The intestines (both) via osmosis
37
What process causes osmosis in the intestines
Active transport of ions
38
Where do circular and longitudinal muscles start and end
Start-esophagus, stop-anus
39
Motility
Rate at which something moves through the GI canal
40
What oral structure forms bolus
Tongue
41
Which cranial nerve control salivation
Cranial nerve 7 and 9
42
Ph range of saliva
Slightly acidic
43
Antimicrobial features of saliva
IgA, and lysozyme
44
Where does peristalsis begin
Esophagus
45
Which digestive organ has oblique muscles
Stomach
46
What happens to blood as stomach becomes more acidic
Blood becomes more basic -metabolic alkalosis
47
What separates left and right lobe of the liver
Falciform ligament
48
What was the round ligament called before you were born
Ligamentum terrs
49
Brush border enzymes of small intestine wall
Maltase, sucrase, lactase
50
Which veins are affected by hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoidal veins
51
Diverticula
Herniation of mucosa which forms a pouch in large intestines
52
Diverticulitis
When diverticula pops and leaks
53
Irritable bowel syndrome
Recurring abdominal pain, stool change, bloating, flatulence, nausea
54
What causes urge to poop
Distension of rectum
55
What initiates defecation reflex
Distension sensed by proprioreceptors in the rectum
56
Epithelium of bladder
Transitional epithelium
57
Urinary flow
Renal pyramid-minor calyx-major calyx-renal pelvis-ureter
58
Renal capsule
Outer covering of kidney
59
Which vessels feed the kidney
Vasa recta (juxtamedullary) or peri tubular capillaries (cortical)
60
What occurs in renal corpuscle
Filtration
61
What is thin portion permeable to
Water, which enters medulla
62
What is thick portion more permeable to
Permeable to salts which enter medulla

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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