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Anp Flash Cards > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of digestive system

A

Acquire nutrient from environment for cellular metabolism

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Excess swelling of peritoneal fluid causing abdominal pain

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3
Q

Mesenteries

A

Lining that cover digestive organs (intestines)

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4
Q

Greater omentum

A

Fatty apron that cushions abdominal region

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5
Q

Function of myenteric plexus

A

Stimulate muscles in muscularis layer

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6
Q

What condition occurs from high motility

A

Diarrhea

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7
Q

What condition occurs from low motility

A

Constipation

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8
Q

Which digestive organs have stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral cavity, pharynx,& esophagus

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9
Q

Which digestive organs have simple columnar

A

Stomach, small intestine, and most of large intestines

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10
Q

Bolus

A

Form of food once it enters the pharynx

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11
Q

Segmentation

A

Churning, that occurs in small intestines

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12
Q

Which reflexes do not use central nervous system

A

Short reflexes

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13
Q

Which reflex of digestive system uses central nervous system via cranial nerves

A

Long reflex

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14
Q

Main component of saliva

A

Water

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15
Q

What controls salivary production

A

Parasympathetic neural control

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16
Q

Masticate

A

Chewing of food

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17
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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18
Q

Heartburn

A

Vapors from stomach enter esophagus causing damage to esophageal cells

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19
Q

What special feature of stomach protects it from its acid

A

Stomach Mucous

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20
Q

Ph of stomach

A

1.0-2.0 (around 2

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21
Q

What is chyme when it passes ileocecal valve

A

Feces

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22
Q

Enterokinase function

A

Activates pancreatic trypsinogen

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23
Q

Where does enterokinase come from

A

Wall of small intestines

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24
Q

Function of intestinal juices

A

Buffer and moisten chyme

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25
Q

Gastroenteric reflex

A

Stimulate motility and secretion along entire small intestines

26
Q

When does gastroenteric reflex occur?

A

When bolus is moved into the stomach

27
Q

Gastroileal reflex

A

Triggers relaxation of ileocecal valves

28
Q

What stimulates the release of pancreatic juices

A

CCK

29
Q

What does cystic duct and common hepatic duct form

A

Common bile duct

30
Q

What hormones release bile from gallbladder

A

CCK

31
Q

Feces

A

Dried up chyme

32
Q

Anal

A

Opening for feces to exit

33
Q

What causes flatus

A

Bacteria fermenting indigestible carbs

34
Q

What reflexes move material into cecum while you eat

A

Gastroileal and gastroenteric reflexes

35
Q

What enzymes are produced in brush borders of small intestines

A

Maltase, sucrase, and lactase

36
Q

Where does water reabsorption occur in the digestive tract

A

The intestines (both) via osmosis

37
Q

What process causes osmosis in the intestines

A

Active transport of ions

38
Q

Where do circular and longitudinal muscles start and end

A

Start-esophagus, stop-anus

39
Q

Motility

A

Rate at which something moves through the GI canal

40
Q

What oral structure forms bolus

A

Tongue

41
Q

Which cranial nerve control salivation

A

Cranial nerve 7 and 9

42
Q

Ph range of saliva

A

Slightly acidic

43
Q

Antimicrobial features of saliva

A

IgA, and lysozyme

44
Q

Where does peristalsis begin

A

Esophagus

45
Q

Which digestive organ has oblique muscles

A

Stomach

46
Q

What happens to blood as stomach becomes more acidic

A

Blood becomes more basic
-metabolic alkalosis

47
Q

What separates left and right lobe of the liver

A

Falciform ligament

48
Q

What was the round ligament called before you were born

A

Ligamentum terrs

49
Q

Brush border enzymes of small intestine wall

A

Maltase, sucrase, lactase

50
Q

Which veins are affected by hemorrhoids

A

Hemorrhoidal veins

51
Q

Diverticula

A

Herniation of mucosa which forms a pouch in large intestines

52
Q

Diverticulitis

A

When diverticula pops and leaks

53
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Recurring abdominal pain, stool change, bloating, flatulence, nausea

54
Q

What causes urge to poop

A

Distension of rectum

55
Q

What initiates defecation reflex

A

Distension sensed by proprioreceptors in the rectum

56
Q

Epithelium of bladder

A

Transitional epithelium

57
Q

Urinary flow

A

Renal pyramid-minor calyx-major calyx-renal pelvis-ureter

58
Q

Renal capsule

A

Outer covering of kidney

59
Q

Which vessels feed the kidney

A

Vasa recta (juxtamedullary) or peri tubular capillaries (cortical)

60
Q

What occurs in renal corpuscle

A

Filtration

61
Q

What is thin portion permeable to

A

Water, which enters medulla

62
Q

What is thick portion more permeable to

A

Permeable to salts which enter medulla

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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