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Anp Flash Cards > Lymph/immune > Flashcards

Lymph/immune Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of pathogens

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, & parasites

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2
Q

Immunity definition

A

Ability to resist infection & disease

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3
Q

How do lymph vessels move lymph

A

Skeletal muscle pump, one way valves, respiratory pump

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4
Q

Function of lymph system

A

Produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes

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5
Q

Production site of lymphocytes

A

Bone marrow, tonsils, spleen, thymus

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6
Q

Lymphatic capillaries compared to blood capillaries

A

Larger diameter, flat, thinner walls, start as pockets

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7
Q

Lacteals function

A

Transports lipids from digestive tract

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8
Q

Where are lacteals found

A

Small intestines

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9
Q

Where do lymph vessels end

A

Right lymphatic ducts, & thoracic duct

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10
Q

Where does thoracic duct collect lymph from?

A

Left brachiomediastinal trunk, left subclavian trunk, left jugular trunk

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11
Q

Where does thoracic duct empty lymph

A

Into left subclavian vein

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12
Q

Where does right lymphatic duct empty lymph

A

Right subclavian vein

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13
Q

Where does right lymphatic duct collect lymph

A

Right jugular trunk, right subclavian trunk, right brachiomediastinal trunk

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14
Q

Lymphedema

A

Severe swelling caused by Blockage of lymph drainage from a limb

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15
Q

What do cytotoxic cells do

A

Kill infected cells

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16
Q

Function of memory T cells

A

Immunity,fights a second infection of the same type much quicker

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17
Q

Function of helper T cells

A

Connects innate immune system and specific immunity

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18
Q

Suppressor T cells function

A

Inhibit immunity

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19
Q

Antigen

A

Anything that causes an immune response

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20
Q

Function of NK cells

A

Fights foreign, virus-infected, and cancer cells

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21
Q

Lymphopoeisis

A

Production of lymphocytes

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22
Q

What structures are involved in lymphopoeisis

A

Bone marrow, thymus, and spleen

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23
Q

What causes B cell differentiation

A

Interleukin, a cytokine

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24
Q

Function of lymph node

A

Filter, removes debris, pathogens, and antigen

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25
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of lymph nodes

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26
Q

What causes lymphadenopathy

A

Infections, endocrine disorders, or cancers

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27
Q

When does thymus atrophy occur

A

After puberty

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28
Q

What is in red pulp

A

Red blood cells and macrophages

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29
Q

What is in white pulp

A

Lymphocytes

30
Q

What are some categories of innate defense

A

Mech/chem barriers, phagocytes, interferons, complement, inflammatory response, fever, & immunological surveillance.

31
Q

What are examples of physical barriers

A

Nose hairs, earwax, urination

32
Q

Example of immunological surveillance

A

NK cells

33
Q

What is interferon

A

Chemical released from virus infected cells

34
Q

What is complement

A

A protein that stains the germ making it easier to kill

35
Q

What are signs of inflammatory responses

A

Edema, redness, heat, pain, and loss of function

36
Q

Why do we get fevers

A

To raise the body temperature to kill germs

37
Q

Emigration/diapedesis

A

How white blood cells move through capillaries

38
Q

Chemotaxis

A

What leukocytes use to recognize germs

39
Q

How do NK cells react to infected cells

A

Secrete perforin killing the cell but not the virus

40
Q

what triggers Classical pathway of complement system

A

Antibodies attach to antigen and acts as an enzyme causing a cascade

41
Q

What event starts the classical pathway

A

C1 binding to antibodies

42
Q

What does alternative pathway of complement system do

A

Make the germ visible by leaving a chemical trail

43
Q

What do both complement pathways end with

A

C3b on surface of germs

44
Q

Opsonization

A

Tagging of foreign pathogens

45
Q

What factors attract macrophages to an area

A

Swelling, redness, heat, and pain

46
Q

What do mast cells do

A

Release histamine and heparin

47
Q

Tolerance

A

Immune system ignores self antigens

48
Q

What happens if immune system loses tolerance

A

Autoimmune diseases

49
Q

Function of Major histocompatibility complex

A

How we identify one another using DNA matching

50
Q

Where is MHC class 1 found

A

Membrane of all nucleated cells

51
Q

Where is class 2 of MHC

A

Found in membranes of antigen presenting cells & lymphocytes

52
Q

What cells are considered antigen presenting cells

A

Macrophages and B cells

53
Q

What occurs when cytotoxic cells dividing due to class 1 activation

A

Production of memory T cells

54
Q

What produces cytokines for immune system?

A

Helper T cells

55
Q

Interleukin function

A

Communication between specific defense systems (level 4 & 3)

56
Q

Hapten

A

Piece of an antigen

57
Q

What has to happen for a Hapten to become a complete antigen

A

Must attach to carrier molecules

58
Q

Epitote

A

The location of an antigen
-AKA antigenic determinant

59
Q

What activates in primary response
(And the order)

A

IgM first and then IgG

60
Q

What occurs in secondary response

A

IgG and IgM arise quicker and become more efficient
(IgG comes in first)

61
Q

When can fetus produce immune response

A

3-4 months

62
Q

How does IgG get to fetus

A

Placenta

63
Q

How does IgA get to child from mother

A

Breast milk

64
Q

Examples of immune deficiency diseses

A

SCID, and AIDS

65
Q

What causes allergies

A

Allergy causing antigens

66
Q

What occurs due to high stimulation of mast cells

A

Massive release of histamine

67
Q

What happens if histamine is in the body in large quantities

A

Vessel dilation, and airway constriction

Anaphylactic shock

68
Q

T/F) the immune system declines with age

A

True

69
Q

Adhesion (macrophages)

A

When phagocytes attach to germ

70
Q

Acute compartment syndrome

A

Swelling caused by compression

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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