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2023 HOSA Medical Term > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Kidney

A

1 of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in body

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2
Q

Nephron

A

microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons (Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes)

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3
Q

Glomerulus

A

1 of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering blood

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4
Q

Renal pelvis

A

reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

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5
Q

Ureter

A

one of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to bladder

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6
Q

Urethra

A

tubular structure through which urine passes from the bladder to outside body

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7
Q

Urinary bladder

A

muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

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8
Q

Urinary meatus

A

opening that carries urine from urethra to outside body

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9
Q

Urine

A

water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys

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10
Q

Son/o

A

sound waves, sound

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11
Q

Pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

Py/o

A

pus

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13
Q

Olig/o

A

scanty, few

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14
Q

Noct/i

A

night

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15
Q

Nephr/o , ren/o

A

kidney

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16
Q

Meat/o

A

meatus

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17
Q

Lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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18
Q

Hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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19
Q

Glycos/o , glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

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20
Q

Glormerul/o

A

glomerulus

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21
Q

Enur/o

A

to urinate in

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22
Q

Cyst/o , vesicul/o , cesic/o

A

fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)

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23
Q

Albumin/o

A

albumin: A type of protein found in blood, egg white, milk, and other substances

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24
Q

Ur/o , urin/o

A

urine, urinary system/tract

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25
Q

Urethr/o

A

urethra

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26
Q

Ureter/o

A

ureter

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27
Q

Dys-

A

painful, difficult, abnormal

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28
Q

-cele

A

herniation, protrusion

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29
Q

-emia

A

blood (condition of)

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30
Q

-lith

A

stone

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31
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, breakdown, separationg

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32
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging

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33
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

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34
Q

-uria

A

urine

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35
Q

Cystic (vesical)

A

pertaining to the urinary bladder

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36
Q

Genitourinary (GU)

A

pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination

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37
Q

Micturition

A

process of releasing urine from bladder

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38
Q

Ureteral

A

pertaining to the ureter

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39
Q

Urethral

A

pertaining to the urethra

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40
Q

Urinary

A

pertaining to urine

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41
Q

Albuminuria

A

albumin in urine

42
Q

Anuria

A

absence of urine formation

43
Q

Bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

44
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation in the bladder

45
Q

Cystocele

A

protrusion of the bladder

46
Q

Cystolith

A

stone in bladder

47
Q

Diuresis

A

condition of excreting increased amounts of urine

48
Q

Dysuria

A

difficulty urinating, painful urination

49
Q

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

final phase of chronic kidney disease

50
Q

Enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine

51
Q

Epispadias

A

congenital defect where urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis

52
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

53
Q

Glycosuria

A

glucose in urine

54
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in urine

55
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

condition of fluid in the kidney; buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to stone

56
Q

Hydroureter

A

fluid in the ureter(s); buildup of urine by obstruction of urine flow

57
Q

Hypospadias

A

congenital defect where urinary meatus is on the underside of the penis

58
Q

Nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

59
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

stone in kidney (kidney stones)

60
Q

Nephromegaly

A

enlargement of the kidney

61
Q

Nephroptosis

A

also known as floating kidney and renal ptosis, is a condition in which the kidney descends (DROOPS) more than two vertebral bodies (or >5 cm) during a position change from supine to upright

62
Q

Nocturia

A

need for patients to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate

63
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis

A

involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which staying dry at night can be reasonably expected

64
Q

Oliguria

A

peeing less

65
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time

66
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine

67
Q

Proteinuria

A

high levels of protein in your urine

68
Q

Pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

69
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

A kidney infection

70
Q

Pyuria

A

presence of pus in the urine, typically from bacterial infection

71
Q

Renal calculus (nephrolith)

A

kidney stones

72
Q

Renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure caused by the narrowing of your arteries that carry blood to your kidneys

73
Q

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

leakage of urine during moments of physical activity that increases abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise

74
Q

Stricture

A

restricts the flow of urine from the bladder by narrowing the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra)

75
Q

Uremia

A

a buildup of toxins in your blood when kidneys stop filtering toxins out with urine

76
Q

Ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

77
Q

Ureterocele

A

swelling at the bottom of one of the ureters

78
Q

Ureterostenosis

A

narrowing of the ureter

79
Q

Urethral stenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra

80
Q

Urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

81
Q

Ureterolith

A

stone in ureter

82
Q

Urinary retention

A

condition in which you are unable to empty all the urine from your bladder

83
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra

84
Q

Urge incontinence

A

strong, sudden need to urinate that is difficult to delay (Loss of bladder control, varying from a slight loss of urine after sneezing, coughing, or laughing to complete inability to control urination)

85
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood (higher amounts of urea nitrogen in blood means kidney isn’t working properly to remove these toxins)

86
Q

Creatinine clearance test

A

measure of how well the kidneys filter creatinine out of the bloodstream for excretion in urine

87
Q

Cystogram

A

fluoroscopic procedure used to examine the urinary bladder

88
Q

Cystometrogram

A

measure how well the bladder functions

89
Q

Catheterization

A

long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin or upper thigh, or neck. The catheter is then threaded through the blood vessels to your heart

90
Q

Cystectomy

A

surgery to remove the urinary bladder

91
Q

Cystolithotomy

A

surgery to remove bladder stones

92
Q

Cystorrhaphy

A

suture of a wound, injury, or rupture in the urinary bladder

93
Q

Cystoplasty

A

surgery that makes your bladder larger so you can hold more urine

94
Q

Cystostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into the bladder

95
Q

Hemodialysis

A

treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood

96
Q

Lithotomy

A

surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain organs, such as the urinary tract (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (gallstones)

97
Q

Meatotomy

A

incision and enlargement of the urinary meatus

98
Q

Nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

99
Q

Nephrolysis

A

surgical operation of freeing the kidney from surrounding adhesions

100
Q

Nephroplexy

A

surgical treatment of floating kidneys

101
Q

Diuretic

A

drug that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine

2023 HOSA Medical Term (20 decks)

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