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2023 HOSA Medical Term > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney

A

1 of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in body

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2
Q

Nephron

A

microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons (Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes)

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3
Q

Glomerulus

A

1 of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering blood

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4
Q

Renal pelvis

A

reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

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5
Q

Ureter

A

one of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to bladder

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6
Q

Urethra

A

tubular structure through which urine passes from the bladder to outside body

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7
Q

Urinary bladder

A

muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

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8
Q

Urinary meatus

A

opening that carries urine from urethra to outside body

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9
Q

Urine

A

water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys

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10
Q

Son/o

A

sound waves, sound

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11
Q

Pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

Py/o

A

pus

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13
Q

Olig/o

A

scanty, few

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14
Q

Noct/i

A

night

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15
Q

Nephr/o , ren/o

A

kidney

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16
Q

Meat/o

A

meatus

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17
Q

Lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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18
Q

Hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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19
Q

Glycos/o , glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

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20
Q

Glormerul/o

A

glomerulus

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21
Q

Enur/o

A

to urinate in

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22
Q

Cyst/o , vesicul/o , cesic/o

A

fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)

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23
Q

Albumin/o

A

albumin: A type of protein found in blood, egg white, milk, and other substances

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24
Q

Ur/o , urin/o

A

urine, urinary system/tract

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25
Urethr/o
urethra
26
Ureter/o
ureter
27
Dys-
painful, difficult, abnormal
28
-cele
herniation, protrusion
29
-emia
blood (condition of)
30
-lith
stone
31
-lysis
destruction, breakdown, separationg
32
-ptosis
drooping, sagging
33
-stenosis
narrowing
34
-uria
urine
35
Cystic (vesical)
pertaining to the urinary bladder
36
Genitourinary (GU)
pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination
37
Micturition
process of releasing urine from bladder
38
Ureteral
pertaining to the ureter
39
Urethral
pertaining to the urethra
40
Urinary
pertaining to urine
41
Albuminuria
albumin in urine
42
Anuria
absence of urine formation
43
Bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
44
Cystitis
inflammation in the bladder
45
Cystocele
protrusion of the bladder
46
Cystolith
stone in bladder
47
Diuresis
condition of excreting increased amounts of urine
48
Dysuria
difficulty urinating, painful urination
49
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
final phase of chronic kidney disease
50
Enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine
51
Epispadias
congenital defect where urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis
52
Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
53
Glycosuria
glucose in urine
54
Hematuria
blood in urine
55
Hydronephrosis
condition of fluid in the kidney; buildup of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to stone
56
Hydroureter
fluid in the ureter(s); buildup of urine by obstruction of urine flow
57
Hypospadias
congenital defect where urinary meatus is on the underside of the penis
58
Nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
59
Nephrolithiasis
stone in kidney (kidney stones)
60
Nephromegaly
enlargement of the kidney
61
Nephroptosis
also known as floating kidney and renal ptosis, is a condition in which the kidney descends (DROOPS) more than two vertebral bodies (or >5 cm) during a position change from supine to upright
62
Nocturia
need for patients to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate
63
Nocturnal Enuresis
involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which staying dry at night can be reasonably expected
64
Oliguria
peeing less
65
Polycystic kidney disease
inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose function over time
66
Polyuria
excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine
67
Proteinuria
high levels of protein in your urine
68
Pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
69
Pyelonephritis
A kidney infection
70
Pyuria
presence of pus in the urine, typically from bacterial infection
71
Renal calculus (nephrolith)
kidney stones
72
Renal hypertension
high blood pressure caused by the narrowing of your arteries that carry blood to your kidneys
73
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
leakage of urine during moments of physical activity that increases abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise
74
Stricture
restricts the flow of urine from the bladder by narrowing the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra)
75
Uremia
a buildup of toxins in your blood when kidneys stop filtering toxins out with urine
76
Ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter
77
Ureterocele
swelling at the bottom of one of the ureters
78
Ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
79
Urethral stenosis
narrowing of the urethra
80
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
81
Ureterolith
stone in ureter
82
Urinary retention
condition in which you are unable to empty all the urine from your bladder
83
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra
84
Urge incontinence
strong, sudden need to urinate that is difficult to delay (Loss of bladder control, varying from a slight loss of urine after sneezing, coughing, or laughing to complete inability to control urination)
85
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood (higher amounts of urea nitrogen in blood means kidney isn't working properly to remove these toxins)
86
Creatinine clearance test
measure of how well the kidneys filter creatinine out of the bloodstream for excretion in urine
87
Cystogram
fluoroscopic procedure used to examine the urinary bladder
88
Cystometrogram
measure how well the bladder functions
89
Catheterization
long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin or upper thigh, or neck. The catheter is then threaded through the blood vessels to your heart
90
Cystectomy
surgery to remove the urinary bladder
91
Cystolithotomy
surgery to remove bladder stones
92
Cystorrhaphy
suture of a wound, injury, or rupture in the urinary bladder
93
Cystoplasty
surgery that makes your bladder larger so you can hold more urine
94
Cystostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the bladder
95
Hemodialysis
treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood
96
Lithotomy
surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain organs, such as the urinary tract (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (gallstones)
97
Meatotomy
incision and enlargement of the urinary meatus
98
Nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
99
Nephrolysis
surgical operation of freeing the kidney from surrounding adhesions
100
Nephroplexy
surgical treatment of floating kidneys
101
Diuretic
drug that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine

2023 HOSA Medical Term (20 decks)

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