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2023 HOSA Medical Term > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Mouth, syn. oral cavity

A

opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion

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2
Q

Palate

A

roof of the mouth; separates oral cavity from nasal cavity

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3
Q

Uvula

A

small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of oral cavity (helps prevent food and liquid from going up your nose when you swallow, secretes saliva to keep mouth hydrated)

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4
Q

Tongue

A

muscular organ at the floor of mouth; assists in swallowing and speaking

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5
Q

Teeth

A

structures that provide the hard surfaces needed for mastication

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6
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

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7
Q

Salivary glands

A

saliva- secreting glands in oral cavity; include the parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands

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8
Q

Saliva

A

clear, tasteless, odorless fluid that lubricates food in mouth

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9
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

space behind mouth the serves as passage for food from mouth to esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx

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10
Q

Esophagus

A

muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to stomach

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11
Q

Stomach

A

saclike organ in which chemical part of digestion begins

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12
Q

Cardia

A

area where esophagus connects to stomach

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13
Q

Fundus

A

superior domed portion of the stomach

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14
Q

Body

A

largest part of stomach, between fundus and pylorus

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15
Q

Pylorus

A

lower part of the stomach connecting to small intestine

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16
Q

Rugae

A

folds in the stomach lining that increase SA for absorption of nutrients

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17
Q

Small Intestine

A

long, hollow tube where most absorption of nutrients occurs

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18
Q

Duodenum

A

first section of small intestine

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19
Q

Jejunum

A

middle section of small intestine

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20
Q

ileum

A

terminal (end) part of small intestine connecting to large intestine

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21
Q

Large Intestine

A

large tube where water is reabsorbed and solid waste products are produced

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22
Q

Cecum

A

first portion of the large intestine (connects small intestine to colon)

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23
Q

Appendix (vermiform appendix)

A

fingerlike projection off the cecum of the large intestine (between cecum and colon)

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24
Q

Antacid

A

drug used to reduce stomach acid

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25
Q

Antidiarrhea

A

drug used to stop/prevent diarrhea

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26
Q

Antiemetic

A

drug used to prevent nausea/vomiting

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27
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting/nausea

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28
Q

Emetic

A

drug used to induce vomiting

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29
Q

Laxative (cathartic)

A

drug used to promote expulsion of feces

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30
Q

Abdominoperineal resection (A&P)

A

Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and perineal approaches; includes a colostomy and is performed to treat severe lower intestinal diseases including cancer

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31
Q

Abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdominal area

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32
Q

Anastomosis

A

An operative union of two hollow or tubular structures (A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed)

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33
Q

ana-

A

through or complete

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34
Q

stoma

A

mouth or opening

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35
Q

Appendectomy

A

removal of appendix

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36
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

operation performed for the management of obesity (surgical procedures performed on the stomach or intestines to induce weight loss)

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37
Q

Gastric Bypass

A

Type of bariatric surgery that involves stomach stapling to bypass a large area of the stomach and anastomosis of its upper part to the small intestine

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38
Q

Choleithotripsy

A

crushing of gallstones

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39
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

stones in the gallbladder

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40
Q

Chole-

A

“gall” or “bile”

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41
Q

Cyst

A

bladder

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42
Q

-lithiasis

A

stones

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43
Q

Colostomy

A

artificial opening into the colon

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44
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

removal of gallbladder

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45
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and by an aversion to eating

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46
Q

Ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in abdominal/peritoneal cavity

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47
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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48
Q

Cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in liver (the liver turns a yellowish orange color)

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49
Q

Constipation

A

decreased number of bowel movements often associated with hard stools

50
Q

Crohn disease (regional enteritis)

A

deep ulcers and thickening of the intestine

51
Q

Diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or liquid feces

52
Q

Diverticulitis

A

inflammation of a diverticulum

53
Q

Diverticulum

A

abnormal pouch on the wall of a hollow organ that protrudes outward

54
Q

Dysentery

A

disease marked by frequent watery stools containing blood and mucus (infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea containing blood or mucus)

55
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of stomach and intestines

56
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

57
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

swollen veins in your anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins

58
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of liver

59
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of part of stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

60
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the intestine

61
Q

Incontinence

A

inability to prevent the discharge of feces or urine

62
Q

Intussusception

A

Sliding (enfolding) of one section of the intestine into an adjacent section; much like the parts of a collapsible telescope (blocks food and blood)

63
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)

A

Painful intestinal disease characterized by alternating constipation with diarrhea

64
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

65
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

ulcer of stomach or duodenum caused by gastric acid

66
Q

Peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneal cavity

67
Q

Polyp

A

section of tissue that grows abnormally and protrudes from a surface

68
Q

Polyposis

A

condition of polyps where numerus polyps develop

69
Q

Pruritus ani

A

itching around the opening of the anus

70
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

painful condition where ulcers form in the colon and rectum

71
Q

Volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine that can cause obstruction

72
Q

volv/o

A

rolling or twisting

73
Q

Colon

A

portion of the large intestine extending from cecum to rectum

74
Q

Ascending colon

A

portion of large intestine that lies on the right side arising from the cecum and joins the transverse colon

75
Q

Transverse colon

A

area of large intestine between ascending colon and descending colon

76
Q

Descending colon

A

section of large intestine that follows transverse colon

77
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

terminal (end) portion of large intestine that joins with the rectum

78
Q

Rectum

A

extension of the large intestine that is a pouch that holds solid waste material before elimination from the body

79
Q

Anus

A

exit from the large intestine to the outside of body

80
Q

Liver

A

large organ that produces and secretes bile into the gallbladder

81
Q

Bile

A

fluid secreted by liver into duodenum and aids in digestion

82
Q

Gallbladder

A

organ located behind liver that stores bile and sends it to duodenum

83
Q

Pancreas

A

organ that secretes pancreatic juices into small intestine that assists in digestion

84
Q

Aliment/o

A

nutrition

85
Q

An/o

A

anus

86
Q

Appendic/o

A

appendix

87
Q

Bucc/o

A

cheek

88
Q

Cec/o

A
89
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

gall bladder

90
Q

Col/o , colon/o

A

colon

91
Q

Enter/o

A

intestine

92
Q

Gastr/o

A

stomach

93
Q

Hemat/o , hem/o

A

blood

94
Q

Hepat/o

A

liver

95
Q

Herni/o

A

hernia (bulging of an internal organ through a weak area or tear in the muscle or other tissue that holds it in place)

96
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

97
Q

Labi/o , cheil/o

A

tongue

98
Q

Lingu/o

A

tongue

99
Q

Lith/o

A

stone

100
Q

Odont/o , dent/o

A

tooth

101
Q

Or/o , stomat/o

A

mouth

102
Q

Peps/o

A

digest

103
Q

Phag/o

A

eating

104
Q

Proct/o

A

“anus” , “rectum”

105
Q

Pylor/o

A

pylorus: part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). The pylorus is a valve that opens and closes during digestion. This allows partly digested food and other stomach contents to pass from the stomach to the small intestine

106
Q

Rect/o

A

rectum

107
Q

Sial/o

A

saliva

108
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon: the last part of the large intestine that connects to the rectum

109
Q

-algia , -dynia

A

pain

110
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

111
Q

-cele

A

swelling, hernia, tumor

112
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

113
Q

-malacai

A

softening

114
Q

-prandial

A

meal

115
Q

-ptosis

A

dropping of upper eyelid

116
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical repair

117
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

118
Q

Chyme

A

thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion

119
Q

Hematochezia

A

Rectal bleeding is when blood passes from the rectum or anus

120
Q

-chezia

A

defecation (elimination of waste)

121
Q

Glossorrhaphy

A

suture of the tongue

122
Q

Procto-

A

anus or rectum

2023 HOSA Medical Term (20 decks)

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