Digestive Flashcards
Mouth, syn. oral cavity
opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion
Palate
roof of the mouth; separates oral cavity from nasal cavity
Uvula
small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of oral cavity (helps prevent food and liquid from going up your nose when you swallow, secretes saliva to keep mouth hydrated)
Tongue
muscular organ at the floor of mouth; assists in swallowing and speaking
Teeth
structures that provide the hard surfaces needed for mastication
Mastication
chewing
Salivary glands
saliva- secreting glands in oral cavity; include the parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands
Saliva
clear, tasteless, odorless fluid that lubricates food in mouth
Pharynx (throat)
space behind mouth the serves as passage for food from mouth to esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx
Esophagus
muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to stomach
Stomach
saclike organ in which chemical part of digestion begins
Cardia
area where esophagus connects to stomach
Fundus
superior domed portion of the stomach
Body
largest part of stomach, between fundus and pylorus
Pylorus
lower part of the stomach connecting to small intestine
Rugae
folds in the stomach lining that increase SA for absorption of nutrients
Small Intestine
long, hollow tube where most absorption of nutrients occurs
Duodenum
first section of small intestine
Jejunum
middle section of small intestine
ileum
terminal (end) part of small intestine connecting to large intestine
Large Intestine
large tube where water is reabsorbed and solid waste products are produced
Cecum
first portion of the large intestine (connects small intestine to colon)
Appendix (vermiform appendix)
fingerlike projection off the cecum of the large intestine (between cecum and colon)
Antacid
drug used to reduce stomach acid
Antidiarrhea
drug used to stop/prevent diarrhea
Antiemetic
drug used to prevent nausea/vomiting
-emesis
vomiting/nausea
Emetic
drug used to induce vomiting
Laxative (cathartic)
drug used to promote expulsion of feces
Abdominoperineal resection (A&P)
Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and perineal approaches; includes a colostomy and is performed to treat severe lower intestinal diseases including cancer
Abdominoplasty
surgical repair of the abdominal area
Anastomosis
An operative union of two hollow or tubular structures (A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed)
ana-
through or complete
stoma
mouth or opening
Appendectomy
removal of appendix
Bariatric surgery
operation performed for the management of obesity (surgical procedures performed on the stomach or intestines to induce weight loss)
Gastric Bypass
Type of bariatric surgery that involves stomach stapling to bypass a large area of the stomach and anastomosis of its upper part to the small intestine
Choleithotripsy
crushing of gallstones
Cholelithiasis
stones in the gallbladder
Chole-
“gall” or “bile”
Cyst
bladder
-lithiasis
stones
Colostomy
artificial opening into the colon
Cholecystectomy
removal of gallbladder
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and by an aversion to eating
Ascites
accumulation of fluid in abdominal/peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
Cirrhosis
chronic liver disease characterized by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in liver (the liver turns a yellowish orange color)