Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Flashcards
Cardiovascular system
blood vessel and heart carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying waste away
Heart
muscular organ taking deoxygenated blood from the veins, pumping it to the lungs for oxygen, then returning oxygenated blood back to the body through the arteries
Apex
lower pointed end of heart
Septum
wall of heart tissue separating right and left sides of the heart
Atrium
upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left
Ventricle
lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left (thick walled and actually pump blood out of heart)
Endocardium
inner lining of the heart (thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves)
-ium
structure or tissue
Myocardium
middle muscular layer of heart tissue
Epicardium
outer lining of the heart
Pericardium
sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats
Aortic valve
heart valve between left ventricle and aorta
Mitral valve
heart valve between left atrium and left ventricle (AKA bicuspid valve)
Pulmonary valve
heart valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery (AKA semilunar valve)
Tricuspid valve
heart valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Blood vessels
structures that carry/transport blood
Artery
vessel carrying blood away from heart (usually carries oxygenated blood
Arteriole
small artery
Capillary
microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place between blood and cells of body
Lumen
interior space of a vessel (wear blood cells flow)
Venule
small vein
Vein
vessel carrying blood to the heart (usually carries deoxygenated blood)
Aorta
largest artery beginning as an arch from left ventricle, then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities, carries oxygenated blood away from heart to the body
Inferior vena cava
large vein carrying blood to the heart from lower part of body
Superior vena cava
large vein carrying blood to heart from upper body
Lymph
clear fluid of fluctuating amounts of WBC and few RBC that accumulate in tissue to fight infections and is removed by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood (colorless fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system)
- the excess fluid that drains from cells and tissues plus other substances
Lymph nodes (lymph glands)
small bean shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph, located on larger lymph vessels in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, mediastinal areas
- we have 600 nodes throughout body
- cleans/filters the lympth
Lymph vessels
vessel transporting lymph from body tissues to the venous system (veins)
Lymph capillaries
microscopic, thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph proteins and waste from body tissues
Lymph ducts
largest lymph vessels that transport lymph to the venous system
- returns clean lympth back to blood stream
Angi/o , vas/o , vascul/o
vessel, duct
Aort/o
aorta
Arteri/o
artery
Ather/o
fatty paste (plaque)
Atri/o
Atrium
Scler/o
hard
Son/o
sound, sound waves
Sphygm/o
pulse
Steth/o , thorac/o
thorax, chest
Thromb/o
blood clot
Valv/o
valve
Varic/o
swollen or twisted vein
Ventricul/o
ventricle
Coron/o
circle or crown
My/o
muscle
Phleb/o , ven/i , ven/o
vein
Aden/o
gland
-ectasia
dilation, stretching
-al , -ar , -ary , -ic
pertaining to
Peri-
around
Tachy-
fast
Tel-
end
Brady-
slow
De-
away from, cessation, with out
-gram
record, recording
-graph
instrument used for recording
-graphy
process of recording
-icle , -ole , ule
small
-lytic
pertaining to destruction, breakdown, separationg
-stenosis
stricture, narrowing
-oid
resembling
Arteriovenous (AV)
pertaining to both arteries and veins
Atrioventricular (AV)
pertaining to the atria and ventricles
Cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessel
Constriction
narrowing or tightening in a structure
Cyanotic
blue or purple discoloration (due to deoxygenated blood)
Deoxygenation
process of removing or having a lack of oxygen
Diastole
relaxation phase of ventricle in the heartbeat cycle
Ischemic
lack of blood flow
Oxygenation
process of adding oxygen
Paroxysmal
sudden
Patent
open/exposed
Precordial
front of the heart (anterior left chest)
Sphygmic
pertaining to the pulse
Stenotic
pertaining to the condition of narrowing
Supraventricular
pertaining to above the ventricles
Systole
contraction phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle
Thrombotic
pertaining to a thrombus (blood clot)
Varicose
pertaining to swollen or twisted vein
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia (range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart; example is heart attack (myocardial infarction))
Aneurysm
dilation of artery usually due to weakness in arterial wall
Angina pectoris
chest pain/pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium
Angiostenosis
narrowing of blood vessel
Angio
blood vessel
Aortic stenosis
narrowing of aortic valve opening
Arteriosclerosis (arteriosclerotic heart disease ASHD)
hardening or loss of elasticity of arteries
-sclerosis
hardening
Atherosclerosis
build up (hardening) of plaque in artery walls
Cardia arrest
person’s heart stops beating completely (electrical malfunction) causing breathing, consciousness, and blood circulation to stop
Heart attack
blood flow to the heart is interrupted (example is blood clot from fatty plaque in arteries in heart - one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood, is blocked); heart can still pump
Cardiac tamponade
pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the heart muscle and the outer covering sac (pericardium) of the heart - leads to decreased BP because heart can’t fill properly
Cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body - can lead to heart failure
-pathy
disease, feeling
Cardiopathy
heart disease
Cardiovalvulitis
inflammation of the heart valves
Coarctation of the aorta
A narrowing of the large blood vessel (aorta) that leads from the heart
Coronary occlusion
partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery - can lead to heart attack
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should (blood can back up and fluid may build up in the lungs or arms and legs)
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessel - usual cause is build up of fatty plaque causing narrowing and limiting blood flow to heart
Embolus
anything (blood clot, air bubble, plaque) that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass - the blood flow is stopped by the embolus (often a small piece of a blood clot that breaks off (thromboembolus))
Endocarditis
inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves (endocardium)
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Hypotension
low BP
Intermittent claudication
a condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries
Mitral valve prolapse
Improper closure of the valve between the heart’s upper and lower left chambers
Mitral valve stenosis
narrowing of the valve between the two left heart chambers
Murmur
blood flowing through the heart (blood is flowing abnormally across your heart valves)
Myocardial infarction (MI)
(AKA heart attack) A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle leading to low oxygen and death of heart tissue
Myocarditis
inflammation of the middle layer of heart wall (myocardium)
Pericarditis
inflammation of the outer lining of the heart
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs
Polyarteritis
widespread inflammation of blood vessel
Raynaud disease
causes some areas of the body — such as fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold (blood vessels go into a temporary spasm)
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)
heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever - causes deformity of valve
Arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
Dysrhythmia
Both arrhythmia and dysrhythmia refer to an abnormal rhythm of your heartbeat. If you experience an arrhythmia, the rhythm of your heartbeat is too fast or too slow. If you experience dysrhythmia, the rate of your heartbeat is irregular, but it’s still within a normal range
Fibrillation
An irregular heartbeat that occurs when the electrical signals in the atria (the two upper chambers of the heart) fire rapidly at the same time. This causes the heart to beat faster than normal
Flutter
heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly. This causes the heart to beat in a fast, but usually regular, rhythm
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
extra heartbeats that begin in one of the heart’s two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing a sensation of a fluttering or a skipped beat in the chest
Phlebitis (AKA thrombophlebitis)
inflammation that causes a blood clot to form in a vein, usually in your leg - When it affects a vein close to your skin’s surface, it’s called “superficial phlebitis”. When it affects a deeper vein, it’s called “deep vein thrombosis”
Telangiectasia
small, widened blood vessels on the skin
Varicose vein
twisted, enlarged veins
Elephantiasis
A tropical, parasitic disease that affects the lymph nodes and lymph vessels - causes swelling of legs (from mosquitoes bite)
Filariae
parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms that live in lymph system
Lymphadenitis
enlargement in one or more lymph nodes, usually due to infection
Lymphadenopathy
swelling of lymph nodes
Lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes
Lymphedema
swelling due to build-up of lymph fluid in the body (blockage in the lymphatic system)
Pitting edema
excess fluid builds up in the body, causing swelling; when pressure is applied to the swollen area, a “pit”, or indentation, will remain
Cardiac troponin
A troponin test measures the levels of troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack. The more damage there is to the heart, the greater the amount of troponin T and I there will be in the bloo
Angioscopy
visualizing the interior of blood vessels (view thrombus, plaque, arterial dissections, and other vascular abnormalities)
Aortography
Radiographic imaging of the aorta and its branches
Arteriography
imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body
Echocardiography
uses sound waves to show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves
Venography
x-ray exam that is performed to examine the health of the veins
Auscultation
listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope
Spleen
largest lymphatic organ (left side, under ribs, above stomach)
- stores and filters blood
- produces WBC that fight infection
Lymphatic system
part of the immune system
- work together to move a colorless, watery fluid called lymph back into your circulatory system (bloodstream)
- maintain fluid levels, protect body from infection, transport and remove waste from cell and tissues
