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2023 HOSA Medical Term > Cardiovascular and Lymphatic > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

blood vessel and heart carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying waste away

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2
Q

Heart

A

muscular organ taking deoxygenated blood from the veins, pumping it to the lungs for oxygen, then returning oxygenated blood back to the body through the arteries

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3
Q

Apex

A

lower pointed end of heart

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4
Q

Septum

A

wall of heart tissue separating right and left sides of the heart

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5
Q

Atrium

A

upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left

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6
Q

Ventricle

A

lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left (thick walled and actually pump blood out of heart)

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7
Q

Endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart (thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves)

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8
Q

-ium

A

structure or tissue

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9
Q

Myocardium

A

middle muscular layer of heart tissue

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10
Q

Epicardium

A

outer lining of the heart

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11
Q

Pericardium

A

sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats

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12
Q

Aortic valve

A

heart valve between left ventricle and aorta

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13
Q

Mitral valve

A

heart valve between left atrium and left ventricle (AKA bicuspid valve)

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14
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

heart valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery (AKA semilunar valve)

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15
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

heart valve between right atrium and right ventricle

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16
Q

Blood vessels

A

structures that carry/transport blood

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17
Q

Artery

A

vessel carrying blood away from heart (usually carries oxygenated blood

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18
Q

Arteriole

A

small artery

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19
Q

Capillary

A

microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place between blood and cells of body

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20
Q

Lumen

A

interior space of a vessel (wear blood cells flow)

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21
Q

Venule

A

small vein

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22
Q

Vein

A

vessel carrying blood to the heart (usually carries deoxygenated blood)

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23
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery beginning as an arch from left ventricle, then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities, carries oxygenated blood away from heart to the body

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24
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

large vein carrying blood to the heart from lower part of body

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25
Q

Superior vena cava

A

large vein carrying blood to heart from upper body

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26
Q

Lymph

A

clear fluid of fluctuating amounts of WBC and few RBC that accumulate in tissue to fight infections and is removed by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood (colorless fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system)
- the excess fluid that drains from cells and tissues plus other substances

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27
Q

Lymph nodes (lymph glands)

A

small bean shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph, located on larger lymph vessels in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, mediastinal areas
- we have 600 nodes throughout body
- cleans/filters the lympth

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28
Q

Lymph vessels

A

vessel transporting lymph from body tissues to the venous system (veins)

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29
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

microscopic, thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph proteins and waste from body tissues

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30
Q

Lymph ducts

A

largest lymph vessels that transport lymph to the venous system
- returns clean lympth back to blood stream

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31
Q

Angi/o , vas/o , vascul/o

A

vessel, duct

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32
Q

Aort/o

A

aorta

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33
Q

Arteri/o

A

artery

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34
Q

Ather/o

A

fatty paste (plaque)

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35
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium

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36
Q

Scler/o

A

hard

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37
Q

Son/o

A

sound, sound waves

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38
Q

Sphygm/o

A

pulse

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39
Q

Steth/o , thorac/o

A

thorax, chest

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40
Q

Thromb/o

A

blood clot

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41
Q

Valv/o

A

valve

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42
Q

Varic/o

A

swollen or twisted vein

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43
Q

Ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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44
Q

Coron/o

A

circle or crown

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45
Q

My/o

A

muscle

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46
Q

Phleb/o , ven/i , ven/o

A

vein

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47
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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48
Q

-ectasia

A

dilation, stretching

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49
Q

-al , -ar , -ary , -ic

A

pertaining to

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50
Q

Peri-

A

around

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51
Q

Tachy-

A

fast

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52
Q

Tel-

A

end

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53
Q

Brady-

A

slow

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54
Q

De-

A

away from, cessation, with out

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55
Q

-gram

A

record, recording

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56
Q

-graph

A

instrument used for recording

57
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

58
Q

-icle , -ole , ule

A

small

59
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction, breakdown, separationg

60
Q

-stenosis

A

stricture, narrowing

61
Q

-oid

A

resembling

62
Q

Arteriovenous (AV)

A

pertaining to both arteries and veins

63
Q

Atrioventricular (AV)

A

pertaining to the atria and ventricles

64
Q

Cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessel

65
Q

Constriction

A

narrowing or tightening in a structure

66
Q

Cyanotic

A

blue or purple discoloration (due to deoxygenated blood)

67
Q

Deoxygenation

A

process of removing or having a lack of oxygen

68
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation phase of ventricle in the heartbeat cycle

69
Q

Ischemic

A

lack of blood flow

70
Q

Oxygenation

A

process of adding oxygen

71
Q

Paroxysmal

A

sudden

72
Q

Patent

A

open/exposed

73
Q

Precordial

A

front of the heart (anterior left chest)

74
Q

Sphygmic

A

pertaining to the pulse

75
Q

Stenotic

A

pertaining to the condition of narrowing

76
Q

Supraventricular

A

pertaining to above the ventricles

77
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle

78
Q

Thrombotic

A

pertaining to a thrombus (blood clot)

79
Q

Varicose

A

pertaining to swollen or twisted vein

80
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia (range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart; example is heart attack (myocardial infarction))

81
Q

Aneurysm

A

dilation of artery usually due to weakness in arterial wall

82
Q

Angina pectoris

A

chest pain/pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium

83
Q

Angiostenosis

A

narrowing of blood vessel

84
Q

Angio

A

blood vessel

85
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of aortic valve opening

86
Q

Arteriosclerosis (arteriosclerotic heart disease ASHD)

A

hardening or loss of elasticity of arteries

87
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

88
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

build up (hardening) of plaque in artery walls

89
Q

Cardia arrest

A

person’s heart stops beating completely (electrical malfunction) causing breathing, consciousness, and blood circulation to stop

90
Q

Heart attack

A

blood flow to the heart is interrupted (example is blood clot from fatty plaque in arteries in heart - one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood, is blocked); heart can still pump

91
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the heart muscle and the outer covering sac (pericardium) of the heart - leads to decreased BP because heart can’t fill properly

92
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body - can lead to heart failure

93
Q

-pathy

A

disease, feeling

94
Q

Cardiopathy

A

heart disease

95
Q

Cardiovalvulitis

A

inflammation of the heart valves

96
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

A narrowing of the large blood vessel (aorta) that leads from the heart

97
Q

Coronary occlusion

A

partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery - can lead to heart attack

98
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should (blood can back up and fluid may build up in the lungs or arms and legs)

99
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessel - usual cause is build up of fatty plaque causing narrowing and limiting blood flow to heart

100
Q

Embolus

A

anything (blood clot, air bubble, plaque) that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass - the blood flow is stopped by the embolus (often a small piece of a blood clot that breaks off (thromboembolus))

101
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves (endocardium)

102
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

103
Q

Hypotension

A

low BP

104
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

a condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries

105
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Improper closure of the valve between the heart’s upper and lower left chambers

106
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

narrowing of the valve between the two left heart chambers

107
Q

Murmur

A

blood flowing through the heart (blood is flowing abnormally across your heart valves)

108
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

(AKA heart attack) A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle leading to low oxygen and death of heart tissue

109
Q

Myocarditis

A

inflammation of the middle layer of heart wall (myocardium)

110
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the outer lining of the heart

111
Q

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs

112
Q

Polyarteritis

A

widespread inflammation of blood vessel

113
Q

Raynaud disease

A

causes some areas of the body — such as fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold (blood vessels go into a temporary spasm)

114
Q

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

A

heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever - causes deformity of valve

115
Q

Arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

116
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Both arrhythmia and dysrhythmia refer to an abnormal rhythm of your heartbeat. If you experience an arrhythmia, the rhythm of your heartbeat is too fast or too slow. If you experience dysrhythmia, the rate of your heartbeat is irregular, but it’s still within a normal range

117
Q

Fibrillation

A

An irregular heartbeat that occurs when the electrical signals in the atria (the two upper chambers of the heart) fire rapidly at the same time. This causes the heart to beat faster than normal

118
Q

Flutter

A

heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly. This causes the heart to beat in a fast, but usually regular, rhythm

119
Q

Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A

extra heartbeats that begin in one of the heart’s two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing a sensation of a fluttering or a skipped beat in the chest

120
Q

Phlebitis (AKA thrombophlebitis)

A

inflammation that causes a blood clot to form in a vein, usually in your leg - When it affects a vein close to your skin’s surface, it’s called “superficial phlebitis”. When it affects a deeper vein, it’s called “deep vein thrombosis”

121
Q

Telangiectasia

A

small, widened blood vessels on the skin

122
Q

Varicose vein

A

twisted, enlarged veins

123
Q

Elephantiasis

A

A tropical, parasitic disease that affects the lymph nodes and lymph vessels - causes swelling of legs (from mosquitoes bite)

124
Q

Filariae

A

parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms that live in lymph system

125
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

enlargement in one or more lymph nodes, usually due to infection

126
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

swelling of lymph nodes

127
Q

Lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes

128
Q

Lymphedema

A

swelling due to build-up of lymph fluid in the body (blockage in the lymphatic system)

129
Q

Pitting edema

A

excess fluid builds up in the body, causing swelling; when pressure is applied to the swollen area, a “pit”, or indentation, will remain

130
Q

Cardiac troponin

A

A troponin test measures the levels of troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack. The more damage there is to the heart, the greater the amount of troponin T and I there will be in the bloo

131
Q

Angioscopy

A

visualizing the interior of blood vessels (view thrombus, plaque, arterial dissections, and other vascular abnormalities)

132
Q

Aortography

A

Radiographic imaging of the aorta and its branches

133
Q

Arteriography

A

imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries

134
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body

135
Q

Echocardiography

A

uses sound waves to show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves

136
Q

Venography

A

x-ray exam that is performed to examine the health of the veins

137
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope

138
Q

Spleen

A

largest lymphatic organ (left side, under ribs, above stomach)
- stores and filters blood
- produces WBC that fight infection

139
Q

Lymphatic system

A

part of the immune system
- work together to move a colorless, watery fluid called lymph back into your circulatory system (bloodstream)
- maintain fluid levels, protect body from infection, transport and remove waste from cell and tissues

2023 HOSA Medical Term (20 decks)

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