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2023 HOSA Medical Term > Skeletal muscular > Flashcards

Skeletal muscular Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bone marrow`

A

Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells

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2
Q

Cancellous bone (spongy bone)

A

Meshlike bone structure

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3
Q

Compact bone

A

Harder, denser bone

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4
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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5
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane within medullary cavity

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

wider ends of a long bone

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7
Q

Epiphysial plate

A

growth area of a long bone

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8
Q

Medullary cavity

A

space within long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

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9
Q

Metaphysics

A

flared section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

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10
Q

Os or ossa

A

bone

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11
Q

Osteoblast

A

bone-forming cell

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12
Q

Osteoclast

A

cell the helps remove osteosarcoma (bony) tissue

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13
Q

Osteocyte

A

bone cell

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bone

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15
Q

Axial skeleton

A

bones of the skull, spine, chest

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16
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvis

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17
Q

Acetabulum

A

socket of the pelvic bone where femur articulates

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18
Q

Acromion

A

lateral upper section of the scapula

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19
Q

Calcaneus

A

bone of the heel

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20
Q

Carpal bones

A

8 bones of the wrist

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21
Q

Clavicle

A

collarbone

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22
Q

Cranium

A

skull (8 bones)

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23
Q

Femur

A

bone of the upper leg

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24
Q

Fibula

A

smaller, outer bone of the lower leg

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25
Q

Humerus

A

bone of the upper arm

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26
Q

Hyoid

A

bone beneath the mandible

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27
Q

Lamina

A

posterior section of the vertebra

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28
Q

Mandible

A

lower bone of the jaw

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29
Q

Maxilla

A

upper bone of the jaw

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30
Q

Metacarpal bones

A

5 bones of palm

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31
Q

Metatarsal bones

A

5 bones of foot

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32
Q

Patella

A

kneecap

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33
Q

Pelvic bone

A

hip bone (3 fused bones on each side)

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34
Q

Ischium

A

posterior lower section of the pelvic bone

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35
Q

ilium

A

upper section of the pelvic bone

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36
Q

Pubis

A

anterior lower section of pelvic bone

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37
Q

Phalanges

A

bones of the fingers and toes (14 per hand/foot)

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38
Q

Radius

A

out of the 2 bones of the lower arm

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39
Q

Ribs

A

long, curved bones that form the bony wall of chest

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40
Q

Scapul

A

shoulder blade

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41
Q

Sternum

A

anterior bone of thorax, breast bone

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42
Q

Tarsal bones

A

7 bones of ankle

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43
Q

Tibia

A

larger inner bone of lower leg

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44
Q

Ulna

A

more inner of 2 bones of lower arm

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45
Q

Vertebra

A

bone of the spine

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46
Q

Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

A

bones of neck

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47
Q

Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

A

bones of midspine

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48
Q

Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

A

bones of lower back

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49
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae below lumbar spine

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50
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae at the lower end of the spine (tailbone), below sacrum

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51
Q

Xiphoid process

A

lower section of the sternum

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52
Q

Articulation

A

site where bones come together

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53
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled fibrous sac within some joints

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54
Q

Cartilage

A

dense connective tissue attached to bone in many joints

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55
Q

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

A

joint that moves freely; joint cavity contains synovial fluid (In a Synovial joint, the ends of bones are encased in smooth cartilage. Together, they are protected by a joint capsule lined with a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid)

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56
Q

Intervertebral disk

A

plate-like structure of connective tissue between vertebrae

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57
Q

Ligament

A

band of strong connective tissue joining bones

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58
Q

Agonist (muscle)

A

skeletal muscle that creates a movement by contracting; prime mover

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59
Q

Antagonist (muscle)

A

skeletal muscle that opposes an agonist muscle and relaxes as the agonist contracts

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60
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

heart muscle

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61
Q

Fascia

A

sheet of connective tissue covering a muscle

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62
Q

Fascicle

A

bundle of muscle fibers

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63
Q

Ankyl/o

A

stiff

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64
Q

Arthr/o , articul/o

A

joint

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65
Q

Burs/o

A

bursa

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66
Q

Carp/o

A

carpal bones

67
Q

Chondr/o

A

cartilage

68
Q

Clavicul/o

A

clavicle

69
Q

Cervic/o

A

neck

70
Q

Cost/o

A

rib

71
Q

Crani/o

A

cranial (skull)

72
Q

Disk/o

A

disk or disc

73
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia , band

74
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

75
Q

Ischi/o

A

ischium

76
Q

Kinesi/o

A

movement

77
Q

Kyph/o

A

humpback

78
Q

Lei/o

A

smooth

79
Q

Lamin/o

A

lamina (The flattened part of either side of the arch of a vertebra)

80
Q

Lord/o

A

curved or bent

81
Q

Lumb/o

A

lumbar

82
Q

Menisc/o

A

meniscus (C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the shinbone and the thighbone)

83
Q

My/o

A

muscle

84
Q

Myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

85
Q

Rachi/o

A

spine

86
Q

Rhabd/o

A

striated muscle

87
Q

Sacr/o

A

sacrum

88
Q

Scoli/o

A

crooked, twisted

89
Q

Ton/o

A

stretching, tension

90
Q

Uln/o

A

ulna

91
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images of the inside of the body

92
Q

Electromyogram (EMG)

A

diagnostic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them (recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles)

93
Q

Symphysis

A

place where two bones are closely joined, either forming an immovable joint (as between the pubic bones in the center of the pelvis) or completely fused (as at the midline of the lower jaw)

94
Q

Tendon

A

cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope (connects muscle to bone)

95
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from body

96
Q

Inversion

A

tilt sole of foot towards midline of body

97
Q

Eversion

A

tilt sole of foot away from midline of body

98
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

backward bending of the hand or foot (toes point to ceiling)

99
Q

Plantar flexion

A

point toes

100
Q

Extension

A

increasing the angle of a joinr

101
Q

Flexion

A

decrease angle of a joint

102
Q

Pronation

A

rotational movement of the forearm that results in the palm facing down

103
Q

Supination

A

rotation of the arm so palm is facing up (scoop soup)

104
Q

Insertion of muscle

A

If the place is on the bone that moves during the action, the attachment is called an insertion

105
Q

Origin of muscle

A

If the place is a bone that remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin.

106
Q

Smooth muscle (unstriated muscle)

A

involuntary muscles composed of elongated cells that do not have striations; smooth

107
Q

Skeletal muscle (striated muscle)

A

voluntary muscles attached to the skeleton; they contract and relax; form parallel bundles

108
Q

Tonus

A

continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles even at rest (maintains posture and structure)

109
Q

Sym- , syn-

A

together, joined

110
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

111
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

112
Q

-clasia , -clasis, -clast

A

breaking, destruction

113
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation

114
Q

-physis

A

growth plate of bone (part of bone that elongates)

115
Q

-porosis

A

porous (holes)

116
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical repair

117
Q

-schisis

A

splitting, division

118
Q

-trophy

A

nutrition, food, growth

119
Q

Costovertebral

A

relating to a rib and its adjoining vertebra

120
Q

Iliofemoral

A

relating to the ilium and femur

121
Q

Intercostal

A

situated or extending between the ribs

122
Q

Intracranial

A

in the brain (skull)

123
Q

Ischiofemoral

A

relating to the ischium and femur

124
Q

Osseous

A

Tissue that gives strength and structure to bones (things that are literally made of bone)

125
Q

Synovial

A

A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae

126
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints and ligaments of the spine

127
Q

Spondy

A

spine

128
Q

ankylosis

A

immobility of a joint (stiffening of joint)

129
Q

Arthralgia

A

joint pain

130
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint

131
Q

Arthrochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage of a joint

132
Q

Atrophy

A

decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting (could be from reabsorption of cells)

133
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slowness of movement

134
Q

Bunion (hallux valgus)

A

enlargement (or misalignment) of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe

135
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

136
Q

Bursolith

A

hard mass (calculus) in a bursa

137
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pressure on the carpal tunnel causing numbness to the 4 fingers (pinkie not included)

138
Q

Chondromalacia

A

softening and breakdown of the tissue (cartilage)

139
Q

Cranioschisis

A

failure of the bones of the skull to close

140
Q

Lordosis

A

natural curve of the lower back (lumbar) area of the spine

141
Q

Dyskinesia

A

involuntary, erratic, writhing movements of the face, arms, legs or trunk

142
Q

Spondylosyndesis (Lumbar fusion, also called spinal fusion)

A

surgical procedure to permanently join two or more vertebrae in the spine to prevent movement between them

143
Q

Synovectomy

A

destruction or surgical removal of the membrane (synovium) that lines a joint

144
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

surgical suture of a divided tendon

145
Q

Ten/o

A

tendon

146
Q

Osteopathy

A

alternative medicine that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body’s muscle tissue and bones (uses hands)

147
Q

Rheumatology

A

any of various conditions characterized by inflammation or pain in muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue

148
Q

Ostectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of a bone

149
Q

Osteoclasis (breaking of bone)

A

to reconstruct a bone that is malformed, often a broken bone that healed improperly. The bone is broken and then reshaped with the aid of metal pins, casting, and bracing

150
Q

Omo-

A

shoulder

151
Q

Gleno-

A

glenoid fossa (where humeral head attaches to scapula)

152
Q

Olecrano-

A

elbow (back of elbow)

153
Q

cubito-

A

elbow (anterior)

154
Q

Rachi(o)

A

spine

155
Q

spondylo-

A

vertebrae

156
Q

Cleido-

A

clavicle

157
Q

coxo-

A

hip

158
Q

Acetabulo-

A

Acetabulum: where femoral head meets pelvis

159
Q

Sacro

A

sacrum: bone connecting two ilium bones together

160
Q

Coccyx

A

boney tail like projection off sacrum

161
Q

Crur-

A

leg

162
Q

Cheiro-

A

hand

163
Q

Onycho

A

nail

2023 HOSA Medical Term (20 decks)

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