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Histology > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Nephron Structure (12)

A

Afferent and efferent arterioles - glomerulus - proximal convoluted tubule - continuous to thick descending limb - loop of Henle (thin descending limb to thin ascending limb) - thick ascending limb - continuous w/ distal convoluted tubule - collecting tubule - collecting duct

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2
Q

3 Layers of Bowman’s Capsule (and what made up by)

A

Parietal layer - simple squamos epithelium
Bowman’s space (urinary space)
Visceral Layer - podocytes

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3
Q

Podocytes

A

Cells that sit between capillary itself and urinary space, so that’s what things have to filter through to get to urinary space

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4
Q

Podocyte Structure (2)

A

Primary processes which break into secondary processes (pedicels) which interdigitate w/ 2ndary processes of another podocyte to cover blood vessels

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5
Q

Filtration Slits

A

Spaces between interdigitation of podocyte secondary processes where filtration actually takes place

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6
Q

Filtration Barrier

A

Thick basal lamina

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7
Q

Capillary Type in Glomeruli

A

Type II non-diaphragmed

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8
Q

Albumin

A

69k MW, so exact size of filtration barrier so checked for in urine to see kidney function

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9
Q

Mesangeal Cells

A

Supportive cells in glomerulus which provide structural support to hold capillaries/podocytes in tuft/ball

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10
Q

6 Features of Proximal Convoluted Tubule/Thick Descending Tubule

A 
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Intensely eosinophilic - lots of mts
Prominent brush border - narrow lumen
Numerous lateral folds and basal striations
Euchromatic Nucleus
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11
Q

3 Functions of Proximal Convoluted Tubule/Thick Descending Tubule (total 9)

A

Absorbs Na, Cl, and water follows via aquaporins
Absorbs glucose, AAs, and most prots
Excretes organic solutes, toxins, drugs

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12
Q

Lateral Folds of PCT

A

Lateral borders of cells interdigitate with each other

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13
Q

3 Features of Loop of Henle (& location)

A

In medulla
Simple squamos epithelium
Nuclei bulge into lumen
Highly permeable to water, ions, urea

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14
Q

5 Features of Distal Convoluted Tubule

A 
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Weakly eosinophilic
Low brush border-wider lumen
Impermeable to water/urea
Low salt/higher urea conc in lumen
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15
Q

Aldosterone

A

Made in zona glomerulosa in cortex of adrenal gland, regulates salt pumping in DCT

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16
Q

Function of DCT

A

Pumps out Na, Cl follows

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17
Q

Macula Densa

A

Region of DCT that runs past vascular pole of glomerulus and senses salt levels to change/regulate

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18
Q

3 Regions of Collecting Tubule/Duct

A

Cortical
Medullary
Papillary

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19
Q

4 Features of Collecting Tubules/Ducts

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Very pale cytoplasm
Prominent lateral cell boundaries
Luminal (apical) surface may be scalloped

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20
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Comes from post. pit. and acts on collecting ducts to stimulate aquaporin channels to concentrate urine

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21
Q

3 Components of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (+ source and function)

A 
Macula densa (DCT) - measures Na concentration
Juxtaglomerular cells (afferent arteriole) - renin production
Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells (lacis cells) - support
22
Q

Renin

A

Released by juxtaglomerular cells in kidney, acts on angiotensinogen from liver and does a lot of things to increase BP

23
Q

Arterial Blood Supply Progression to Kidneys (12)

A

Renal artery to segmental arteries to lobar arteries to interlobar a.s to arcuate a.s to interlobular a.s to afferent arterioles to glomerular capillaries to efferent arterioles to pertiubular capillary network or vasa recta to stellate veins then mirrors arterial supply

24
Q

Arcuate Arteries

A

Run between cortex and medulla of kidneys, at corticomedullary junction

25
Q

Peritubular Capillary Network

A

Capillaries around PCTs

26
Q

Vasa Recta

A

Equivalents of peritublar capillaries that extend all the way into medulla

27
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone released by kidney blood vessels to signal bone marrow to produce more RBCs

28
Q

Uniqueness about Kidney Blood Circulation

A

Hits two capillary networks

29
Q

Primary Control of Kidney

A

Hormonal, not neural as much - long term

30
Q

Area Cribrosa

A

Area that drains into renal papilla

31
Q

Ureter Mucosa (2)

A

Transitional epithelium

DIRCT lamina propria

32
Q

Ureter Smooth Muscle (3)

A

Inner longitudinal
Outer circular
Lower 1/3 has third outer longitudinal layer

33
Q

Ureter S or A

A

Adventitia connecting to body wall

34
Q

Bladder Epithelium

A

Transitional, w/ accordion-like plasma membrane

35
Q

Bladder Lamina Propria

A

Dense superficial layer, loose deeper layer

36
Q

Bladder Muscularis (2)

A

3 interlaced layers of obliquely-oriented smooth muscle

Internal sphincter muscle (smooth, involuntary)

37
Q

Bladder Nerves (2)

A

Sensory fibers for stretch, parasymps for smooth muscle

38
Q

Bladder Connective Tissue

A

Adventitia and serosa

39
Q

Female Urethra Epithelium (2)

A

Transitional epithelium, as move down non-keratinized stratified squamos

40
Q

Urethral Lamina Propria

A

Contains lubricating mucous urethral glands (of Littre)

41
Q

Female Urethral Muscularis (3)

A

Inner longitudinal/outer circular

External sphincter muscle, skeletal, sphincter urethrae

42
Q

3 Parts of Male Urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile (spongy) urethra

43
Q

Prostatic urethra epithelium

A

Transitional

44
Q

Membranous urethra epithelium (2)

A

Stratified or pseudostratified columnar

45
Q

3 Other Structures in Prostatic Urethra

A

Prostatic ducts, ejaculatory ducts, prostatic utricle

46
Q

Structure in Membranous Urethra

A

External sphincter muscle, sphincter urethrae

47
Q

Penile Urethra Epithelium (2)

A

Proximal: stratified-pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Distal: non-keratinized startified squamos

48
Q

Navicular Fossa

A

Thickening of penile urethra at very end

49
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Disruption of capillaries and basement membrane (big problem) of glomerulus so get remnants of blood/protein in urine

50
Q

Kidney Stones

A

Calcium coalescence in kidneys

51
Q

Cutoff for transitional epithelium

A

Sphincter

Histology (12 decks)

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