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Histology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

4 Concentrated Immune Locations

A

Spleen
Thymus
Lymph Nodes/Nodules
Tonsils

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2
Q

2 Divisions of Immune System

A

Cell-mediated - T Cells

Ab Response - B Cells

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3
Q

Derivations of T and B Cells

A

Precursors from bone marrow, T cells mature in thymus while Bs do in bone marrow

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4
Q

Difference between B and Plasma Cells

A

B Cells undifferentiated, mature into plasmas once exposed to specific antigen

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5
Q

3 Immune Cell Types

A

Lymphocytes (Ts and Bs)
Plasma cells
Ag presenting cells (macrophages etc)

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6
Q

5 T Cell Subtypes and Function

A 
Cytotoxic - kill cells directly
Helper - help B cells
Suppressor - suppress B cells
Memory - remember antigens/viruses
Natural Killer Cells - kill viruses
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7
Q

3 T Cell Surface Markers

A

T-cell receptor (TCR)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
CD (Cluster of differentiation) antigens (CD4,8)

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8
Q

T-Cell Receptors

A

Bind antigen-presenting/target cells

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9
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex (def & 2 types)

A

Self-ID badge
MHC-I: all cells
MHC-II: ag-presenting cells, B cells

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10
Q

Cytokines (def and 3/4 subtypes)

A

Small, soluble proteinaceous secretions usually from T-Cells including interleukins, colony stimulating factors, TNF/TGF

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11
Q

2 Kinds of B Cells

A

Plasma cells - immunoglobulin production

B-Memory Cells

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12
Q

Humoral immune response simplified pathway

A

Ag-presenting cell presents to/activates helper T cell, releases interleukins to stimulate proliferation/maturation of B cells

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13
Q

IgE

A

Stimulates mast cell granule release

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14
Q

Thymus Location

A

Anterior mediastinum

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15
Q

Immunologically Privileged

A

Contains parts unseen by immune system, like thymus, brain, testes

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16
Q

2 Areas of Thymus

A

Cortex - immunologically privileged, where Ts grow and develop
Medulla

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17
Q

Hassall’s Corpsucles

A

Round remnants of dying reticular cells in thymus

18
Q

Blood-Thymus Barrier Setup (2)

A

Reticular cell sets up another epithelial layer around perivascular space outside of capillaries so that blood can’t diffuse through. Also no afferent lymphatics coming in - not a filter

19
Q

Thymic-Dependent Areas

A

Locations T-Cells targeted to upon leaving thymus, including lymph nodes, nodules, and spleen

20
Q

5 Regions (ext.-int.) of Lymph Node + Contents

A

Subscapular sinus: afferent lymph vessels, macrophages
Outer cortex: Lymph nodules (germinal centers), mainly B cells
Inner Cortex: mainly T cells
Medulla: Medullary cords, medullary sinuses
Hilum: Efferent lymph vessels and vasculature

21
Q

Subcapsular Space 2 Functions

A

First line of defense w/ macrophages, can chew up to present to B cells just behind them
Spread lymph out

22
Q

High Endothelial Venules

A

Cuboidal epithelially-lined venules in lymph nodes that allow things to cross between blood and lymph circulations (like B cells in response to pathogen)

23
Q

3 Functions of Spleen

A

Red blood cell destruction
Blood filter
Lymphocyte activation

24
Q

4 Spleen Components

A

Capsule - DIRC tissue
Trabeculae - invaginations of capsule carrying blood vessels
Red pulp - interspersed
White pulp - localized nodule

25
Q

Structure of White Pulp (4)

A

Splenic nodules (germinal centers). Have marginal zone filled with Bs and Ts, surrounding periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) filled with T cells which surrounds central artery (which is usually eccentric)

26
Q

3 Contents of Red Pulp

A

Splenic (Billroth’s) cords, plasma cells, macrophages to chew up old RBCs

27
Q

3 Components of Splenic Sinusoids

A

Epithelial cells, reticular fiber network, incomplete basal lamina (bc sinusoid capillaries)

28
Q

Arterial Blood Supply to Spleen (3)

A

Splenic artery branches into trabecular arteries which give off central arteries passing through white pulp which terminate as penicillar arteries in red pulp to become capillaries

29
Q

Venous Drainage of Spleen (3)

A

Small pulp veins, trabecular veins, then splenic vein

30
Q

Lymph Nodules

A

Scattered lymph tissues throughout body

31
Q

Two types of Mucous-Associated Lymph Tissue (MALT)

A

GALT (gastrointestinal) and BALT (bronchial)

32
Q

Peyer’s Patch

A

Lymph nodule in ileum

33
Q

4 Tonsils

A

Pharyngeal in back of nose
2 Palatine along side
Lingual behind tongue

34
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsils Crypts/Epithelium

A

No crypts

Respiratory epithelium

35
Q

Palatine Tonsils Crypts/Epithelium

A

10-20 crypts

Stratified squamos epithelium

36
Q

Linguial Tonsils Crypts/Epithelium

A

One crypt

Stratified squamos epithelium

37
Q

Crypt

A

Invagination of membrane to create more surface area

38
Q

Lymphomas

A

Lymphocytes that have lost regulatory mechanisms and are dividing too rapidly

39
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

B cell mediated response but no T cell mediated response

40
Q

Agammaglobulinemia

A

T cells present but no B cells

41
Q

Combined Immunodeficiency

A

No B or T cells, bubble kids

Histology (12 decks)

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