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Histology > Female Repro > Flashcards

Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

4 Layers of Ovaries (& descriptions)

A

Epithelium - germinal, really low cuboidal cells
Tunica Albuginea - DIRCT
Cortex - cellular
Medulla - connective tissue

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2
Q

Ova Production Direction

A

Central to periphery

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3
Q

Peak of Ovarian Follicles

A

Halfway through gestation

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4
Q

Oogonia

A

Ovarian follicle during gestation

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5
Q

Primordial Follicle (2)

A

One layer of follicular cells surrounding primary oocytes, last until puberty

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6
Q

First Oocyte Arrest (& DNA stage)

A

Prophase of Meiosis I - euchromatic 4n

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7
Q

Primary Follicles & Development (4)

A

First appear at puberty, stimulated by FSH to develop into unilaminar follicle cells, then multilaminar granulosa cells. Also develop zona pellucida

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8
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Barrier between ovum w/ primary oocyte and outside world. Barrier for fertilization

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9
Q

Stromal Cells of Primary Follicle (2)

A

Theca externa and theca interna

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10
Q

Estradiol Production (3)

A

FSH stimulates theca interna and granulosa cells to release

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11
Q

Estradiol Function

A

Primes uterus

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12
Q

3 Characteristics of Secondary Follicles

A

Fluid filled antrum
Cumulus oophorus - hill of granulosa cells oocyte sits on
Corona radiata - ring of granulosa cells around oocyte which will stay with it upon ovulation

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13
Q

3 Characteristics of Mature (Graafian) Follicles

A

Pretty much just more well-defined secondary follicle characteristics, plus membrana granulosa of well-developed follicular cells
Very large, 2.5 cm

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14
Q

5 Follicular Stages

A 
Primordial Follicle
Unilaminar Primary Follicle
Multilaminar Primary Follicle
Secondary (Antral) Follicle
Mature (Graafian) Follicle
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15
Q

6 Steps of Ovulation

A
  1. LH surge encourages Mei1 to complete
  2. Forms polar body and secondary oocyte
  3. Secondary oocyte progresses to metaphase II - arrested
  4. Graafian follicle presses against tunica albuginea - loses blood supply
  5. Causes tunica albuginea to get whiter and cause stigma - a vascular region which ruptures
  6. Secondary oocyte and corona radiata released into peritoneum, picked up by fibria of infundibulum
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16
Q

Remnants of Follicular Cells After Ovulation (6)

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum - blood filled region
Corpus luteum - clotted blood removed, releases estrogen and progesterone via these two other remnants:
Granulosa lutein - remnant of granulosa cells
Theca lutein - remnant of theca interna cells
No pregnancy: degenerates into corpus albicans
Pregnancy: maintained 2-3 months

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17
Q

Atretic Follicles

A

Degenerated follicles that didn’t develop

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18
Q

Medullary Region of Ovary

A

Support/stromal area

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19
Q

28 Day Ovarian Cycle (4 & what happens)

A

Menstrual phase (4 days) - ovarian follicles begin to develop
Follicular Phase (10 days) - ovarian follicles develop
Ovulation - day 14
Luteal Phase - 14 days - corpus luteum develops

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20
Q

Just Steps in Uterine Cycle

A

Menstrual Phase
Proliferative Phase
Ovulation
Secretory Phase

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21
Q

5 Hormonal Changes

A
  1. FSH during follicular phase
  2. Estrogen increase prior to ovulation
  3. LH surge induces ovulation
  4. Progesterone and estrogen increase during luteal phase
  5. hCG maintains corpus luteum
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22
Q

4 Regions of Uterine Tube (ovary to uterus)

A

Infundibulum w/ fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural region (inside uterus)

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23
Q

Ideal Locale for Fertilization

A

Ampulla of Uterine Tube

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24
Q

Epithelium of Uterine Tube (1.2)

A

Simple columnar, w/ ciliated cells and peg cells

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25
Q

Peg Cells

A

Secrete supportive fluids for oocyte as well as serous fluid for lubrication

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26
Q

Muscularis of Uterine Tube (2)

A

Inner circular, outer longitudinal

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27
Q

Uterine Tube S or A

A

Serosa bc interacts w/ peritoneum

28
Q

2 Layers of Endometrium

A

Stratum Functionalis

Stratum Basalis

29
Q

Stratum Functionalis (3)

A

Thick
Sloughed at menses
Helical arteries

30
Q

Stratum Basalis (3)

A

Thin
Retained at menses
Straight arteries

31
Q

Myometrium

A

Smooth muscle muscularis for uterus, mainly for support more than constriction

32
Q

3 Layers of Myometrium (+ 1 point)

A

Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
(but all kind of obliquely oriented as well)

33
Q

Uterine Adventitia

A

At cervix

34
Q

Endocervix (def and epithelium) (3)

A

Part of cervix in uterus
Mucous-secreting, simple columnar epithelium
Cervical glands

35
Q

Ectocervix (def and epithelium) (2)

A

Cervix in vagina

Non-keratinized stratified squamos epithelium

36
Q

Mucous Plug

A

When not ovulating, plugs cervix

37
Q

Vagina Epithelium

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamos epithelium

38
Q

Vagina Lamina Propria (3)

A

Fibroelastic connective tissue w/ lymphocytes and neutrophils

39
Q

Vagina muscularis

A

Irregularly-arranged smooth muscle

40
Q

Vagina S or A (2)

A

Adventitia w/ rich blood/nerve supply

41
Q

Acidic Vaginal pH (source and purpose)

A

Estrogen stimulates glycogen production which is released upon death of cells and turned into lactic acid by bacterial flora
Prevents infection by other bacteria

42
Q

Difference b/w Labia Majora and Minora

A

Majora has hairy skin (thin)

Minora has thin (hairless)

43
Q

Mammary Gland Type

A

Tubuloalveolar Glands (Tubuloacinar, secretory components on both alveoli and tubules)

44
Q

Mammary Gland Structure (4)

A

15-20 lobe, circularly arranged
Each lobe has numerous alveoli that converge onto ducts
Ducts drain into single lactiferous duct per lobe
Each lactiferous duct meets at nipple

45
Q

Lactiferous Sinus (def and function)

A

Widening of duct just before it exits, to kind of pump blood flow down duct upon suckling

46
Q

2 Kinds of Cells in Mammary Alveoli

A

Cuboidal/secretory cells

Myepithelial cells to facilitate secretion

47
Q

2 Kinds of Secretion in Mammary Alveoli

A

Merocrine: Proteins
Apocrine: lipids

48
Q

Larger Lactiferous Ducts vs. Smaller (2)

A

Larger: stratified cuboidal/columnar (non-secretory)
Smaller: columnar (maybe secretory)

49
Q

Difference Between Resting (inactive) and Lactating (active) Ducts (2)

A

Inactive - not many alveoli, lots of connective tissue

Active - Numerous alveoli, poor connective tissue

50
Q

Effects of Hormones on Mammary Glands (3.8)

A

Puberty: estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids, somatotropin (GH) initiate development
Pregnancy: Increased E&P activate glands
Postpartum: Prolactin stimulates milk production, oxytocin milk ejaculation

51
Q

Colostrum versus Milk

A

C: very thick, protein-rich stuff at initial lactation, a few days post-partum will switch to milk

52
Q

3 Reactions of Fertilization

A

Acrosomal Rxn - zona pellucida penetration
Cortical Rxn - prevents polyspermy
Oocyte completes Meiosis, pronuclei fuse to form zygote

53
Q

2 Layers of Blastocyst (2.2)

A

Inner cells: embryoblast (embryo)

Outer: trophoblast (placenta) w/ cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

54
Q

2 Parts of Placenta

A

Chorion - fetal placenta from embryo

Decidua - uterine placenta from mother

55
Q

Primary and Secondary Villi of Placenta

A

From chorion frondosum, extend in to get blood supply

56
Q

Intervillous Space

A

Fluid-filled space that chorionic villi extend into to get maternal blood

57
Q

Free vs. Anchoring Villi

A

Free: just hang in intervillous space
Anchoring: actually extend into uterine wall

58
Q

3 Layers of Placental Barrier b/w Maternal and Fetal Blood

A

Syncytiotrophoblast cells
Connective tissue
Endothelial cells of fetus

59
Q

3 Contents of Umbilical Cord

A

Two umbilical a.s
One umbilical v.
Mucoid Connective Tissue

60
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometrial tissue found outside of uterus/uterine tube which still follows cycle

61
Q

Cervical Carcinoma

A

Because have transition zone from stratified squamos and simple columnar

62
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy and In Vitro Fertilization

A

Increases chances for ectopic pregnancy

63
Q

The Pill

A

Estrogen/Progesterone Complex, which makes body think it’s pregnant. Then sugar pill for a week to menstruate

64
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy

A

Use the pill at menopause in low doses to get through menopause - not too high or too long though, can increase risk of some stuff

65
Q

3 Actions During Proliferative Phase

A

Stratum functionalis develops
Tubular glands develop
Helical arteries regrow straight

66
Q

3 Actions During Secretory Phase

A

Thickening of stratum functionalis
Tubular glands coil/branch
Helical arteries coil/distribute

67
Q

5 Hormonal Changes in Uterine Cycle

A 
FSH rise during proliferative phase
Increase in estrogen prior to ovulation
LH surge induces ovulation
P&E increase during secretory phase
P&E drop at end of secretory phase, inducing menses

Histology (12 decks)

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