Glandular Digestion

Question 1

Derivation of Glandular Digestion Elements

Answer 1

Still epithelially-derived

Question 2

Lobular Pattern of Liver (3)

Answer 2

Six-sided lobule with central vein in center and portal triads on sides

Question 3

Blood Flow in Liver (4)

Answer 3

Percolates from hepatic arteries/portal veins through lobule into central vein, which leads to sublobular v. and then out through hepatic v.s

Question 4

Bile Flow in Liver (4)

Answer 4

Bile canaliculi, cholangioles, canals of Hering, interlobular bile ducts

Question 5

Hepatocyte Plates

Answer 5

Chains of hepatocytes bw bile canaliculi and sinusoids, have a face for each

Question 6

Hepatic Sinusoids

Answer 6

Drain blood from triad into central vein

Question 7

Perisinusoidal Space (of Disse)

Answer 7

Space between endothial cells and hepatocytes made from sinusoidal nature of capillary/incomplete basal lamina

Question 8

Liver Macrophages (Kupffer cells)

Answer 8

Migrate around perisinusoidal space cleaning up

Question 9

3 Kinds of Physiological Lobules

Answer 9

Classic lobule
Portal lobule
Portal Acinus

Question 10

Classic lobule

Answer 10

Six sided lobule w/ peripheral portal triads

Question 11

Portal lobule

Answer 11

Where one portal/set of structures drains to. Portal in center draining to surrounding 3 central veins which make triangle

Question 12

Portal Acinus (2)

Answer 12

Diamondshaped - where areas b/w 2 portal triads drain to (so closer points from triads and longer from central veins). 3 zones

Question 13

3 Zones of Portal Acinus

Answer 13

I: Most oxygen, most foodstuffs, most toxins (will become cirrhotic first)
II: Less
III: Lowest

Question 14

2 Faces of Hepatocytes

Answer 14

Lateral plasmalemma (bile canaliculi)
Sinusoidal plasmalemma

Question 15

6 Functions of Liver

Answer 15

Bile production
Lipid, Protein, and Carb metabolism (& storage for some)
Vitamin Storage
Detox
Immune Function
Regeneration

Question 16

2 Regions of Blood Flow (and zonal relation)

Answer 16

Perilobular Region - Zone I
In between - II
Centrolobular Region - III

Question 17

Bile Metabolism

Answer 17

90% of secreted bile is reabsorbed and recirculated

Question 18

Gall Bladder Epithelium Type

Answer 18

Simple Columnar

Question 19

Gall Bladder Muscularis Externa

Answer 19

Oblique smooth muscle for bag constriction

Question 20

Histophysiological Action of Gall Bladder

Answer 20

Pumps Na+ out of cells so water will follow and bile gets concentrated

Question 21

Centroacinar Cells

Answer 21

Ductule cells that move selves into acini in pancreas

Question 22

Pancreatic Acinus

Answer 22

Cells w/ large zymogen granules and other proenzymes for digestion

Question 23

Centroacinar Cell Function

Answer 23

Activated by secretin to release bicarbonate solution to buffer acidic releases

Question 24

Pancreatic Intercalated Ducts (2)

Answer 24

Ducts leading away from centroacinar cells/pancreatic acinus and are NOT striated

Question 25

Cholecystokinin

Answer 25

Stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to release enzyme-rich secretion

Question 26

4 Cells of Salivary Glands

Answer 26

Serous Cells
Mucous Cells
Contractile Myoepithelial Cells
Serous Demilunes

Question 27

2 Kinds of Salivary Ducts

Answer 27

Intercalated ducts lead into striated ducts

Question 28

Striated Duct Function

Answer 28

Membrane invaginations for Na and Cl conservation

Question 29

3 Specific Salivary Glands (& location & secretional aspects)

Answer 29

Parotid gland in cheek - strictly serous
Submandibular neck in neck - mixed, primarily serous, numerous striated ducts
Sublingual under tongue - mixed, primarily mucous

Question 30

Cirrhosis

Answer 30

Hardening and loss of functionality of liver

Question 31

Hepatitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of liver. can be caused by viruses