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Histology > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

3 Subprocesses of Spermatogenesis

A

Spermatocytogenesis
Meiosis
Spermiogenesis

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2
Q

Hormones for Sperm Production and Maintenance (4) (and functions)

A

LH (stimulates Leydigs to produce testosterone)
FSH - stimulates Sertoli cells which stimulate androgen-binding protein to maintain high T levels in testes
Testosterone -
Inhibin - feedback to inhibit LH and FSH production

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3
Q

Intratesticular Path of Sperm Transport (4)

A

Seminiferous tubules - tubuli recti - rete testis - ductuli efferentes

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4
Q

Tubuli Recti

A

Straight tubules at end of each of coiled seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

Rete Testis

A

Network of cuboidally-lined vessels that mix sperm together

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6
Q

Ductuli Efferentes

A

Efferent ductules to leave testis and go into epididymus

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7
Q

Extratesticular Path of Sperm Transport (4)

A

Ductus epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

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8
Q

2 Producers of Semen Components for Maintenance

A

Seminal vesicles and prostate

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9
Q

Two Layers of Testes Capsule (and composition)

A

Tunica albuginea - DIRCT thick outer capsule

Tunica vasculosa - vascular layer w/ loose connective tissue

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10
Q

Germinal Epithelium

A

Just deep to tunica vasculosa, is unique because has layers of developing sperm but also Sertoli cell which spans the whole thing (basement to lumen)

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11
Q

Tunica propria

A

In between the tubules, which has collagen and such

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12
Q

Spermatocytogenesis

A

Mitotically dividing spermatogonia to make more

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13
Q

2 Types of Spermatocytogenesis

A

Type A - produce more spermatogonia

Type B - produce primary spermatocytes moving into spermatic cycle

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14
Q

Direction of Sperm Formation

A

Begins in periphery, moves towards center lumen

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15
Q

3 Spermatic Phases in Meiosis (& chrom/N number)

A

Primary Spermatocytes - 46 Chromosomes, 4N
Secondary Spermatocytes - 23 Chromosomes, 2N
Spermatids - 23 Chromosomes, N

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16
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Morphologically change haploid spermatid

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17
Q

3 Phases of Spermiogenesis (and what they are)

A

Golgi phase - makes acrosomal enzymes
Acrosomal phase - once acrosome is formed
Maturation phase - really changes morphology

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18
Q

Residual bodies

A

cytoplasm shed off during spermiogenesis, taken up and recycled

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19
Q

5 Sections of Sperm

A

Head w/ acrosome and DNA, neck, middle piece w/ mt, principal piece, and end piece

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20
Q

Spermiogenesis Nucleus Trend

A

Goes from euchromatic to heterochromatic, so limited lifespan

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21
Q

Total Time of Sperm Production

A

64 Days

22
Q

Cytoplasmic Bridges

A

Between sperm precursors in sperm production, transfer prots from X chrom-containing units to Y-containing, last until residual bodies

23
Q

Sertoli Cells (6)

A 
Supporting, nurse cells
Extend throughout germinal epithelium
Support/protect developing sperm
Phagocytosis of residual bodies
Synthesize ABP and inhibin
Form blood-testis barrier via occluding junctions between them
24
Q

5 Items in Interstitial Tissue in Testes

A

Nerves, blood vessels (fenestrated capillaries), lymphatics, connective tissue, and Leydig cells

25
Q

Androgen-Binding Protein

A

Produced by sertoli cells, binds diffusing testosterone and keeps it in seminiferous tubules bathing the area

26
Q

Countercurrent Heat Exchanger

A

Pampinform plexus cools testicular a. about 2 degrees cooler

27
Q

Tubuli recti epithelium

A

Cuboidal

28
Q

Ductus efferentes epithelium (3)

A

Ciliated (to beat sperm to epididymus) and non-ciliated cuboidal and columnar

29
Q

Ductus Epididymus

A

One long coiled duct where sperm are stored

30
Q

Walls of Ductus Epididymus (2)

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ stereocilia surrounded by smooth muscle for peristalsis

31
Q

Stereocilia

A

Not cilia, actually microvilli to increase absorption SA to suck out water to concentrate sperm and act as vacuum

32
Q

Ductus Deferens Wall (3.3)

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia w/ stereocilia
Lamina propria w/ elastic fibers
Thick muscular wall (inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal)

33
Q

Ampulla

A

Dilation of ductus deferens prior to prostate

34
Q

Distinction Between Ureter and Ductus Deferens (2)

A

Ureter only has a few layers of smooth muscle instead of really thick wall
Ureter has transitional epithelium, not pseudostratified columnar

35
Q

Ejaculatory Duct Epithelium

A

Simple columnar epithelium

36
Q

Seminal Vesicles Epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

37
Q

Seminal Vesicles Lamina Propria

A

Elastic fibers and fibroblasts

38
Q

Seminal Vesicles Product

A

70% of seminal fluid, w/ fructose and citrate

39
Q

Prostate Product

A

Produces thin white fluid w/ acid phosphatase which stimulates motility and changes vaginal pH

40
Q

Prostate Epithelium (3)

A

Simple cuboidal and columnar epithelium (some pseudostratified)

41
Q

Prostate Stroma (2)

A

Fibromuscular: smooth muscle and elastic fibers

42
Q

Corpa Amylacea

A

Prostatic concretions

43
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands

A

Release mucous secretion to lubricate urethra prior to ejaculation

44
Q

Kartagener’s Syndrome Effect on Male Repro

A

Sperm will be immotile, infertilitiy

45
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Testes inside body, nonfunctional sperm if untreated

46
Q

Varicocele

A

Torsion of testicle, can torque vessels and prevent bloodflow

47
Q

Testicular Autoimmunity

A

If tight junctions b/w Sertoli cells lost, Abs can attack own sperm

48
Q

Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Prevents flow of urine through urethra, possibly caused by cancer on posterior side of prostate

49
Q

Testicular Tumors

A

Can metastasize back to abdomen via lymphatics

50
Q

PSA

A

Prostate something antigen, controversial measure of prostate cancer likelihood

Histology (12 decks)

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