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FOUNDATIONS 310 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Normal urinary output rate

A

30 ml/hour

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2
Q

what does urine color indicate?

A

hydration status
dark = dehydrated
clear = normal/over hydrated

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3
Q

Normal urine clarity?

A

-urine is normally clear

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4
Q

Can you assess urine that has been sitting?

A

No, always use fresh

-sitting urine might be cloudy or bubbly

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5
Q

what causes that distinct urine smell?

A

ammonia

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6
Q

a strong offensive urine odor indicates?

A

infection

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7
Q

1st indicator of UTI in older adult?

A

confusion

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8
Q

dysuria =

A

painful urination

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9
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

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10
Q

severely decreased or absent urine

A

anuria

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11
Q

decreased urination

A

oliguria

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12
Q

pyuria

A

urine contains pus

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13
Q

what hormone makes the body retain fluid?

A

ADH

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14
Q

what triggers the release of ADH?

A

-increased plasma osmolarity

blood is filled with stuff, want to hold onto to H2O to decrease amount of stuff to water ratio

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15
Q

how can body lose fluid?

A 
vomiting
diarrhea
diaphoresis
wound drainage
urine
burns
blood loss
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16
Q

Where is fluid loss recorded?

A

output

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17
Q

Output and intake correlation

A

-output and intake should match within 200/300 mL

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18
Q

what does it indicate if output is less?

A
  • decrease kidney perfusion

- dehydration

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19
Q

how does hypotension impact fluids?

A
  • leads to poor renal perfusion

- kidneys are unable to filtrate

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20
Q

How does decrease muscle tone impact fluid volume?

A

obesity
multiple pregnancies
chronic constipation
continuous bladder drainage

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21
Q

After surgery, what are some fluid considerations?

A
  • be at a volume deficit

- nedd to void within 8 hrs of surgery

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22
Q

MEdications that increase urine output

A

diuretics

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23
Q

medications that cause urinary retention

A

opioids, tricyclics, antihistamines

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24
Q

alcohol and caffeine promote

A

diuresis

25
Q

salty foods promote

A

retention

26
Q

heat can ____ urination, cold can ____ urination

A

promote, prevent

27
Q

urinary obstructions increase risk of

A

urinary stasis and infection

28
Q

Cauti

A

uti develops when a catheter is in place greater than 48 hours prior to onset of an infection

29
Q

UTI prevention education

A
  • 6-8 glasses h2o dault
  • void at least every 4 hours
  • void immediately after intercourse
  • wash hands with soap and water
  • watch for signs and symptoms of uti
30
Q

Signs and symptoms of UTI

A 
fever
flank pain
dysuria
frequency
urgency
pyuria
hematuria
31
Q

Urge urinary incontinence can be helped by using

A

timed voiding schedule

32
Q

Functional and Total Urinary incontience can be helped by

A

prompted voiding and habit retraining voiding

33
Q

what is habit retraining voiding?

A

schedule bathroom trips around when incontinence occurs

34
Q

what is bladder training?

A

schedule voiding times within a narrow range of 2 hours and eventually widen to 4 hours

35
Q

What helps with urge and reflex urinary incontinence?

A

bladder training

36
Q

2 types of urinary diversion

A

ileal conduit

neobladder

37
Q

what do you do if patient hasn’t voided after srugery/ several hours?

A

-bladder scanner

38
Q

Random urine specimen- what kind of cup?

A

-can be poured from nonsterile container into cup

39
Q

clean catch urine specimen

A

-sterile cup or bedpan

40
Q

24 hour urine specimen

A
  • measures specific kidney functions

- educate staff/family on not dumping urine in toilet

41
Q

ketones in urine

A

diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis, stervation

42
Q

protein in urine

A

severe stress, renal disease, preeclampsia

43
Q

glucose in urine

A

diabetes mellitus

44
Q

BUN

A
  • urea is normally excreted
  • impaired kidneys are unable to excrete urea leading to an increased BUN
  • highly effected by hydration status*
45
Q

creatinine

A
  • waste product of kidneys
  • increase creatinine indicate renal impairment
  • more sensitive indicator than BUN for renal impairment
46
Q

Creatinine clearance

A
  • need creatinine level from urine and blood
  • 24 hour urine
  • estimates kidneys glomerular filtration ability
47
Q

GFR

A
  • *best indicator of kidney function

- requires multiple demogrpahic data and serum creatinine

48
Q

indications for use of external catheter

A
  • sphincter damage
  • spinal corn injury
  • impaired skin integrity in perineum
49
Q

use ____ technique for catheter insertion

A

sterile

50
Q

indications for catheterization

A
  • critically ill need precise I and O
  • persistent urinary retention
  • management of incontinence in stage III or IV pressure injury
51
Q

best way to decrease risk of cauti

A

remove catheter

52
Q

how are catheters sized?

A

french system

  • higher number = larger lumen
  • 16 most common
53
Q

coude catheter

A

slight bend in end

-good for prostrate problems

54
Q

catheter with 2 ports

A

bladder irrigation

55
Q

Can you disconnect catheter from drainage bag?

A

not recommended

56
Q

How often to empty drainage bag?

A

at least every 8 hours

57
Q

Level of drainage bag?

A

below level of bladder

58
Q

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected urinary tract infection. What signs or symptoms are present with a urinary tract infection? Select all that apply.

A

fever, flank pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency, pyuria, and hematuria.

FOUNDATIONS 310 (28 decks)

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