oxygenation Flashcards
when do you hear crackles?
What are causes of crackles?
what causes?
Crackles: air moves through fluid in airways to reinflate alveoli.
-not cleared by coughing
-end of inhalation
popping sounds
-pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma – think fluid in lungs
When do you hear rhonchi? What does it sound like? causes?
A type of wheeze caused by air moving through narrowed airway passage due to secretions** or swelling or tumor.
- often cleared by coughing
hear: inhalation and exhalation - Low pitched, monotone sounds, fluid sounds
- bronchitis or bronchial obstruction
Wheeze- cause? sounds? when hear?
caused by air moving through narrowed airway passage due to swelling** or secretions or tumor
-inhalation and exhalation
-musical sound
asthma, chronic
-emphysema (causes scar tissue in lungs over time)
Pleural friction rub:
grating sound on inspiration + expiration caused by lung rubbing against pleura
pleuritis
mild hypoxemia Pa02 and Spo2
PaO2 60-80
SpO2 91-95
moderate hypoxemia Pa02 and Spo2
PaO2 40-60
SpO2 74-91
severe hypoxemia PaO2 and SpO2
PaO2 <40
SpO2 <74
pH
7.35-7.45 acidity of blood
PaCo2
35-45 arterial CO2
PaO2
80-100 arterial O2
HCO3
22-26 bicarb, A-B balance
SpO2 measures
95-100% % HgB saturated w/ O2
FiO2
21% environment.
Can be 100% in supplemental oxygen
ETCO2:
35-45 amount of CO2 exhaled
if client has bad lung, which lung do you place up in bed?
bad lung
what does incentive spirometer measure?
- inhalation - trying to slowly expand lungs
- 8-10x/ hour
calculating L 1L = %
24 (+4 for every additional L)
venturi mask O2
24-50%
simple mask
40-60%
Reservoir mask
90%
Dyspnea Level 1-4?
- SOB after self-paced mile
1
Dyspnea Level 1-4?
-SOB walking 100 yards or flight of stairs
2
Dyspnea Level 1-4?
SOB performing ADLs
3
-when convern starts
Dyspnea Level 1-4?
-SOB during no activity
4
Normal RR for adults
12-20
Normal RR for older adults (60 or up)
16-23
Newborn infant RR
30-60
what is tactile fremitus?
vibration of air against chest wall is felt
- Increases with consolidation (fluid or something else taking place of the air in the lungs)
- Decreases with pleural effusion (sound must pass through this extra fluid so sound is diminished)
palpation: fluid in lungs makes dull sound
tractile fremitus increases with _____ and decreases with_____
increase with consolidation
decrease with pleural effusion
what does PaO2 (arterial blood gas) measure?
Measures arterial CO2, bicarb, pH, O2
hyperventilation- low or high CO2
low
