oxygenation Flashcards
when do you hear crackles?
What are causes of crackles?
what causes?
Crackles: air moves through fluid in airways to reinflate alveoli.
-not cleared by coughing
-end of inhalation
popping sounds
-pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma – think fluid in lungs
When do you hear rhonchi? What does it sound like? causes?
A type of wheeze caused by air moving through narrowed airway passage due to secretions** or swelling or tumor.
- often cleared by coughing
hear: inhalation and exhalation - Low pitched, monotone sounds, fluid sounds
- bronchitis or bronchial obstruction
Wheeze- cause? sounds? when hear?
caused by air moving through narrowed airway passage due to swelling** or secretions or tumor
-inhalation and exhalation
-musical sound
asthma, chronic
-emphysema (causes scar tissue in lungs over time)
Pleural friction rub:
grating sound on inspiration + expiration caused by lung rubbing against pleura
pleuritis
mild hypoxemia Pa02 and Spo2
PaO2 60-80
SpO2 91-95
moderate hypoxemia Pa02 and Spo2
PaO2 40-60
SpO2 74-91
severe hypoxemia PaO2 and SpO2
PaO2 <40
SpO2 <74
pH
7.35-7.45 acidity of blood
PaCo2
35-45 arterial CO2
PaO2
80-100 arterial O2
HCO3
22-26 bicarb, A-B balance
SpO2 measures
95-100% % HgB saturated w/ O2
FiO2
21% environment.
Can be 100% in supplemental oxygen
ETCO2:
35-45 amount of CO2 exhaled
if client has bad lung, which lung do you place up in bed?
bad lung
