Mobility Flashcards
What 2 things maintain mobility?
Bones/joints (structural support)
Muscles/ nervous system (coordinated movement)
Moving a joint toward the midline
adduction
Moving a joint away from the midline
abduction
decreasing the angle b/w two bones
flexion
straightening a joint
extension
turning the body/part to face upward
supination
turning the body/part to face downward
pronation
What constitutes strenuous aerobic exercise?
30 min- 3x week
What electrolytes or minerals are important for musculoskeletal system?
Ca, Vit D, phosphorous
What is a disruption of a motor and sensory skills/ability?
plegia
4 factors that impact mobility
- Circulation (02)
- Energy (anemia, thyroid, sleep apnea)
- Congenital conditions (palsy)
- Affective disorders (depression decrease desire to move)
3 important principles of body mechanics
- adjust height of work area when possible
- hold objects close to the body when lifting
- use mechanical devices when appropriate
What is usually an indication of muscle strain during a physical activity?
holding one’s breath
How do you prevent injury at work place?
proper body mechanics
Static exercise by which the patient tenses the muscle holding it stationary while maintaining tension
isometric movement
dynamic form of exercise with constant muscle tension/contraction and active movement
isotonic movement
Type of exercise useful for athletic training
anaerobic
exercise that requires oxygen occurs during vigorous and continuous muscle movement
aerobic
What is decreased muscle tone?
hypotonicity or flaccidity
What is increased or rapid muscle tone?
spasticity
What is rhythmic repetitive motion that can occur at rest and make interfere with fine motor control?
tremor
What is spontaneous, brief involuntary muscle twitching of the limbs or facial muscles?
chorea
what gait is like a duck, spread wide apart?
waddle
What is the progressive shortening of a muscle and loss of joint mobility resulting from fibrotic chanes in tissues surrounding joint?
contracture
What is the largest reportable problem related to mobility?
Fall
4 problems associated with immobility
- Pain (renal calculi, atrophy, contracture, PU)
- Cardiovascular (orthostatic hypotension)
- Injury (PU)
- Infection (urinary stasis)
_____ formation increased with immobility
Thrombus
3 things to prevent DVT in hospital
- ambulation
- low molecular heparin (anticoag)
- compression
How does thrombus form from immobolity?
-longer the blood pools, the longer the platelets, fibrin, or cellular elements have to attach to the wall of the vessel
What is atelectasis?
alveoli collapse due to decreased breathing/underinflation of lungs
Does Nitrogen increase or decrease with immobility?
increase
Why do we care about nitrogen and immobility? What happens when excretion of nitrogen exceeds the intake?
- increase muscle breakdown causes excess nitrogen
- when excess nitrogen: inadequate protein synth, delayed healing of wounds, slow muscle restoration when mobility returns
Surgical procedure where scope is inserted into the joint to inspect for abnormalities
Arthroscopy
5 examples of activities or programs to recommend for physical fitness/health promotion
- tai chi
- group activities
- health club membership
- strength training
- physical therapy
Condition with decrease bone mass, and disruption of bone architecture
osteoporosis
Recommendations for treating/preventing osteoporosis
- smoking cessation
- limit alcohol/caffeine
- Vit D/ Ca
- weight bearing exercises
- bone density check
- medications
Position: head is 30-45 degrees
semifowler
Position: patient lies on side with weight on hip and shoulder with use of pillows
lateral
position: head is elevated 80-90 degrees
fowlers or high fowlers
position: patient lies supine with hips flexed and calves/heels parellel to floor, used for examinations
lithotomy
Foot boot vs heel protector
foot boot- keep foot in ceratin position/ hard
heel protector- reduce matress pressure on heel
How many bed rails is considered restraint?
4
What activity is encouraged after surgery?
Ambulation
When would you stop performing ROM?
paint, resistance
Preliminary step to ambulation?
dangling
Signs or symptoms that indicate patient is struggling to sit or stand?
dizziness, weakness, SOB, weakness, hypotension, lgihtheadedness
How many points of support to maintain with cane?
2
what side do you put cane on?
stronger side
What do you move forward first with cane? cane or foot?
cane
What leg do you move after you move the cane forward? How far do you move that leg forward?
weak leg, same distance as cane
What leg do you move after the cane and weaker leg anf how far forward?
Stronger leg, past cane and weaker leg
Which crutch styles can you use with PWB?
4 point, 2 point
What crutch style do you use with NWB?
3 point gait
Which requires more shoulder and arm strength? Swing thru or swing to?
Swing thru
How far from axilla should crutch be?
2 inches
How far away from body are crutches? “Crutch stance”
6” out and forward from foot
