Urinalysis

Question 1

why do we use urinalysis?

Answer 1

• quick
• can be non-invasive
• can confirm different conditions

Question 2

what does micturition mean?

Answer 2

the act of urinating

Question 3

what does polyuria mean?

Answer 3

production of large volumes of urine

Question 4

what does pollakiuria mean?

Answer 4

frequent urination, normal volume

Question 5

what does oliguria mean?

Answer 5

reduced production of urine

Question 6

what does anuria mean?

Answer 6

cessation of the production of urine

Question 7

what does dysuria mean?

Answer 7

difficulty in urinating

Question 8

what are the four methods of urine collection?

Answer 8

• non-absorbent cat litter
• mid stream free collection
• manual expression
• catherization

Question 9

what are the two male dog catheters?

Answer 9

• plastic dog catheter
• silicone foley dog catheter

Question 10

what are the four female dog catheters?

Answer 10

• plastic dog catheter
• foley dog catheter
• silicone foley dog catheter
• tieman’s dog catheter

Question 11

what are the four male cat catheters?

Answer 11

• plastic cat catheter
• jackson cat catheter
• silicone cat catheter
• slippery sam cat catheter

Question 12

what are the two female cat catheters?

Answer 12

• plastic cat catheter
• jackson cat catheter

Question 13

how should you position a cat for urine catheter placement?

Answer 13

lateral recumbency

Question 14

how should you position a bitch for urine catheter placement?

Answer 14

dorsal or sternal recumbency

Question 15

what is the urine production rate for cats and dogs?

Answer 15

1-2mls/kg/hr

Question 16

what is urochrome?

Answer 16

the pigment that gives urine its colour

Question 17

what is urine turbidity?

Answer 17

cloudiness

Question 18

what is pH?

Answer 18

a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in urine

Question 19

what is the normal pH levels in a cat, dog, rabbit, and guinea pig?

Answer 19

cat - 6-7
dog 5.2-6.8
rabbit 7.5-9
guinea pig 6.5-9

Question 20

what is the normal urine specific gravity ranges for a cat, dog, rabbit, and guinea pig?

Answer 20

cat - 1.020-1.060
dog - 1.015-1.045
rabbit - 1.003-1.036
guinea pig - 1.004-1.046

Question 21

what are some possible causes for an elevated USG?

Answer 21

• dehydration
• acute renal failure
• shock
• diabetes mellitus
• sediment

Question 22

what are some causes for a low USG?

Answer 22

• chronic renal failure
• diabetes insipidus
• fluid therapy
• corticosteriods

Question 23

what to look for in urine?

Answer 23

• epithelial cells
• transitional cells
• tubular epithelial cells
• white blood cells
• red blood cells
• casts
  -spermatozoa
• bacteria/fungi/yeast
• crystals