Anatomical landmarks and radiographic positioning Flashcards
what are some types of venous veins?
-cephalic
-jugular
-marginal ear vein
-coccygeal
-saphenous
-femoral
what are some types of arterial veins?
-dorsal pedal
-radial
-femoral
what can you use as an x-ray positioning aid?
- ties
- cradles
- sandbags
- foam wedges
what is the definition of radiopaque?
absorb or stop x-ray penetration (white)
what is the definition of radiolucent?
transparent to x-ray penetration (black)
what are some considerations of x-ray positioning?
- spine should be straight
- patient should be as close to the plate as possible
- two views are needed
- area of interest to remain perpendicular to x-ray tube
when is x-ray distortion seen?
when the area of interest is not parallel to the table and can produce foreshortening or elongation
where should you clip for an ultrasound?
- cranial - extend to xiphoid process and follow costal arch dorsalaterally on L and R abdo wall
- caudal - extend to pubic symphasis
- dorsal and lateral - extend to sub lumbar muscles following costal arch
what are the landmarks for a VD pelvis x-ray?
- C - pubic symphasis
- Lat - skin edges
- Cran - wings of ilium
- Cau - mid-shaft femur
what is the minimum age for a BVA hip score?
1 year
what documents do you need for a BVA score?
- microchip
- KC registration
what are the landmarks for a lat stifle?
- C - stifle joint
- lat - skin edges
- distal - proximal 3rd tibia
- proximal - distal 3rd femur
what are the landmarks for caudal-cranial stifle?
- c - stifle joint
- lat - skin edges
-distal - proximal 3rd tibia - proximal - distal 3rd femur
what are the landmarks for lateral thorax?
- c - midchest
- dorsal + ventral - skin surface
- cran - level with manubrium
- caud. - last rib
what are the landmarks for DV thorax?
- c - caudal border of scapula
- lat - skin edges
- cran - thoracic inlet
- cau - last rib
