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VN02 > Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what is an example of a plane/gliding joint?

A

carpal and tarsal

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2
Q

what is an example of a hinge joint?

A

elbow and stifle

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3
Q

what is an example of a pivot joint?

A

atlantoaxial

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4
Q

what is an example of a condylar joint?

A

hock

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5
Q

what is an example of a ball and socket joint?

A

hip and shoulder

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6
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  • cardiac
  • smooth (involuntary)
  • skeletal (striated/voluntary)
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7
Q

what is cardiac muscle tissue?

A
  • muscle specific to the heart
  • responsible for keeping heart pumping
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8
Q

what contains cells that expand and contract in response to electrical impulses?

A

myocardium

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9
Q

is cardiac tissue involuntary or voluntary?

A

involuntary - we don’t have to think about keeping our heart pumping

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10
Q

what is smooth muscle tissue?

A
  • located in walls of hollow visceral organs
  • in cardiovascular, respiratory, and genitourinary systems
  • responsible for movements like blood flow, digestion, urinary
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11
Q

is smooth muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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12
Q

what is skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  • attached to bones by tendons
  • striated
  • muscle fibres are bound together by connective tissue
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13
Q

what does striated mean?

A

long and thin multinucleated fibres crossed with red and white lines

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14
Q

is skeletal muscle tissue involuntary and voluntary?

A

voluntary

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15
Q

what are the three steps of movement?

A

1 - brain sends message to motor neurones
2 - triggers release of chemical acetylcholine from the presynaptic
3 - muscle responds to acetylcholine by contacting

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16
Q

what is included in the axial/thoracic muscle group?

A
  • diaphragm
  • epaxial
  • hypaxial
  • intercostal
17
Q

what is included in the abdominal muscle group?

A
  • obliques
  • rectus and transversus abdominis
18
Q

what is included in the forelimb muscle group?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • quadriceps femoris
  • gluteal
  • hamstring group
  • semimembranosus and semitendinosus
19
Q

axial muscles : what are the epaxial muscles?

A
  • muscles located dorsally along the spine
  • function to mobilize and stabilize the trunk
20
Q

axial muscles : what are the hypaxial muscles?

A
  • muscles located below the spine
  • two functions - locomotion and ventilation
21
Q

thoracic muscles : what are the intercostal muscles?

A
  • made up of 3 layers : external, internal, and subcostal
  • between the ribs
  • help form and move the chest wall
  • involved in breathing - they expand and shrink the chest
22
Q

thoracic muscles : what is the diaphragm?

A
  • located between the lungs
  • major muscle of respiration
  • contracts rhythmically and continually
  • 3 openings; aortic hiatus, oesophageal hiatus, caval foremen
23
Q

what are the 4 abdominal muscles?

A
  • external abdominal obliques
  • internal abdominal obliques
  • rectus abdominus
  • transversus abdominus
24
Q

what do the 4 abdominal muscles assist in?

A
  • urination
  • defecation
  • locomotion
  • parturition
  • respiration
25
Q

what three muscles make up the fore limb?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • triceps
  • supraspiratus
26
Q

what is the biceps brachii?

A
  • from scapula to radius and ulna
  • flexion, stabilisation, and extension of shoulder
27
Q

what are the triceps?

A
  • from the scapula to the olecranon of the elbow
  • made up of four heads; long, lateral, medial, accessory
  • help extend or straighten the elbow joint
  • long head works to flex shoulder joint
28
Q

what is the supraspinatus?

A
  • found in the fossa of the scapula to the humerus
  • responsible for the stabilisation of the shoulder
29
Q

what four muscles make up the hindlimb group?

A
  • hamstring group
  • biceps femoris
  • quadriceps
  • gluteals
30
Q

what is the hamstring group?

A
  • consists of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranous muscles
  • superficial muscles of the hip and thigh
  • all three retract the hip
31
Q

what does the semimembranosus muscle do?

A

flexes the stifle

32
Q

what does the semitendinosus muscle do?

A

extends the stifle

33
Q

what is the biceps femoris?

A
  • found on caudal aspect of femur
  • flexion of stifle, extends hock, and retracts hip
34
Q

what are the quadriceps?

A
  • found on the cranial aspect of the femur
  • main extensor of the stifle
  • made up of four muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
35
Q

what are the gluteals?

A
  • aka haunches
  • divided into superficial, middle, deep
  • found on the ilium down to the femur
  • all three extend the hip and abduct the hindlimb

VN02 (20 decks)

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