Understanding the safe use of the laboratory Flashcards
What are some ways you can reduce risk with chemicals?
- follow SOPs
- wear PPE
- never mix chemicals
- have a spill kit available
What is zoonosis?
an infectious disease that can jump from a non-human animal to humans
what are the five steps to a risk assessment?
- identify
- who
- evaluate
- record
- review and update
What is the stage (microscopes)?
a square platform that has a hole in the centre for the light
What is the mechanical stage (microscopes)?
attached to the stage, holds slide in place, moves NESW
What is the vernier scale?
on both movements on the mechanical scale, divided into millimeters
What is the eyepiece (microscopes)?
- magnifies the image of the specimen
- contains the ocular lens and field lens
- magnifies primary image formed from the 4 objective lenses
- has magnifying power of 10x
what is the nosepiece (microscopes)?
- found at the lower end of the body tube
- rotating turret
- rotates clockwise
- has objective lenses of x4, x10, x40, x100 oil
What lenses would you use for blood and bacteria (microscopes)?
- x10
- x40
- x100 oil
what lenses would you use for urine and faeces (microscopes)?
- x10
- x40
what lenses would you use for parasites (microscopes)?
- naked eye
- x4
- x10
- x40
what is the condenser (microscopes)?
- substage condenser and iris diaphragm
- controls amount of light passing through the condenser to the specimen
what is the rheostat (microscopes)?
- found on the base of the microscope
- alter the level of the light
what does a centrifuge do?
- spins around at a speed which results in the heavier particles settling at the bottom
what are the three types of centrifuge?
- angle head
- swing out head
- microhaematocrit (pcv)
what speed does urine need to be spun in the centrifuge at?
1500-2000 rpm for 5 mins
what speed does blood need to be spun in the centrifuge at?
10000 rpm for 5 mins
what speed does faeces need to be spun in the centrifuge at?
1000-1500 for 3 mins
what is the definition of calibration?
the process of comparing a reading on one piece of equipment or system with another piece of equipment that has been calibrated and referenced to a known set of parameters
what is the definition of quality control?
the process of detecting analytical errors within the lab to ensure both the reliability and accuracy of test results
what is a refractometer?
- an instrument that measures the refractive index of a liquid
- the more particles there are in a liquid the more of a beam of light will be bent as it passes through one medium to another
what are the normal ranges for dogs and cats for urine specific gravity?
- dogs = 1.015-1.045
- cats = 1.020 - 1.040
what are the normal ranges for dogs and cats for total solids of blood?
60-55 g/l
what is a biochemistry analysers?
- measures the level of various biochemical substances in blood
- can be wet or dry chemistry systems
what can electrolyte analysers help diagnose and how?
- diseases such as Addison’s
- monitor changes caused by dehydration and acid base balance
- measures sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate
what is a blood gas analyser?
- measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
- measures pH of the blood
what does haematology do?
- automatically determine red and white blood cell counts, differential white blood cell counts, pcv and platelet counts
what does a hormone analyser do?
measures thyroxine, cortisol, insulin and reproductive hormones
what does ELISA stand for?
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
