Urban Ops Flashcards
JUO
Joint Urban Operations
- manmade features of density of population = dominants features
- larger ration of mil to civ
- ma have more restrictive op limits
huge consideration of Urban Ops
may have more restrictive op limites than otherwise
Air Op considerations w/urban ops
- combat ID
- collateral damage
- preserve infrastructure
- restrictive ROE
- freedom of maneuver
- line of sight obstruction (communications and targets)
responsibility of our military to restore public services/income post Urban Ops
NOT the job of military to restroe public services or income to prewar levels
- HN takes lead on that
BUT
personnel must help create security conditions that make growth and development possible
what shapes the OE
fires
how do you divide a campaign/operation
into phases
critical to the mission success of Joint Urban Ops
- understand local culture, politics, social, economic, and religoius features
- group dynamics: congenial, hostile, dependent…
GINA act
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
- bans the use of genetic information in health insurance and employment
supports interoperability among multiple organizations
standardizationpe
people you are responsible for
manageable span of control: those who directly report to a superior
Unified Command
enable different jurisdictionspre to manage a single event
prepares the Joint Publications
CJCS
how should you interpret the Joint Publications
JPs are authoritiative so follow EXCEPT if the commander declares exceptional circumstances
conflicts between the Joint Publications and Service publications
JP takes precedence unless the CJCS tells you to overwrite
JP 1
Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the US
CDRs of coalitions/multinational force
should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the US
- if not ratified by the US, eval and follow tif applicable/consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine
9 Principles of War
Objective, Offensive
Mass, Maneuver
Security, Surprise, Simplicty
Economy of Force
Unity of Command
“O” of the 9 Principles of War
objective, offensive
“M” of the 9 Principles of War
mass, maneuver
“S” of the 9 Principles of War
security, surprise, simplicity
3 add-ons to the 9 Principles of War
restraint, legitimacy, perseverance
what is the strategic enviornment
fluid
- constant change in alliances, partnerships that rapidly emerge, disaggregate, and realign
how are the instruments of national power used
various ways to achieve strategic objectives/ends
- wide variety of activities, tasks, missions, and operations that vary in purpose, scale, risk, and combat intensity
provides national strategic direction
constitution, fedral law, policy, international law, national interests pers national security policies
GEF
Guidance for Employment of the Force
UJTL
Universial Joint Task List
CSA
Combat Support Agencies
JLLP
Joint Lessons Learned Program
JTIMS
Joint Training Information Managemnt System
What is Guidance for Employment of the FOrce
- Secret writtent guidance from SecDef to CJCS for hte preparation and rview of contingency plans for specific missions
- ## Includes: relatvie priority of plans, specific force levels, and supporting resource levels projected to be avaialbel for the period of time for which such plans are to be effective
primary source document used by CJCS to develop the JSCP
JSCP: Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan
two companion documents made by the CJCS and SecDef
Guidance for Employment of the Force = SecDef
JSCP: Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan = CJCS
* GEF gives strategic guidance
* JSCP provides implementation guidance
what does the Guidance for Employment of the force require the GCC to do?
produce Theatre Campaign Plans
what does the GEF give the GCC iot help them produce their Theatre Campaign Plans?
= DOD global prioritizes (plus strategic end states) for campaign planning
- strategic assumptions
- prioritized deliberate planning scenarios and end states
- global posture and global force management guidance
- security cooperation priorities
- overarching DOD and US nuclear policy
2 Security Councils
National
Homeland
Defense Planning Guidance
- DOD force development planning and resource priorities
- aims to ensure US military is able to prevail in current operations and develop a balanced joint force for further contingencies
_ provides fiscally constrained programmatic guidance and performance measures
Unified Action
comprehensive approach that focuses on coordination/cooperation of US/partner rogs towards common objectives
who controls US military when in a coalitino
prez as commander in chief
3 levels of warfare
SOT
- models the relationship between national objectives and tactical activity
command
the authoriy a commander lawfuly exercises over subornates by virtue of rank or position
art of leadership
CDR’s ability to use leadership to maximize performance
what leads to objectives
clear CDR guidance and intent
what does the C2 structure facilitate
initiative and decision-making at appropriate level
- if CDRT loses reliable communication, the operation can still happen b/c decentralized orders
- delegate decision to subordinates wherever possible to manage detailed control and empower subordinate initiative to make decisions based on guidance rather than constant communication
operational art
congnitive approach (skill/knowledge/expertise/cretitivity/jugment) to develop operations based on integrating ends, ways, and means
- broad vision, ability to anticipate skill to plan/prepare/execute…
operational design
framework of plan and excution- methodology to enhance understanding of the situation and problemt
tools of operational design
objective
COG
LOO
LOE
termination criteri
assessment
measures overall effectiveness and employing joint force capabilities during military oepratinos
what does planning do with guidance
planning translates guidance into plans/orders to achieve desired objectives and/or end staets
COST-benefit relationships, ris,k tradeoff….q
7 basic functions common to joint operations
C2, information, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuiver, protection, dustainmetn
command
authority/responsibility to use resources to accomplish a missonc
control
provides a way for CDR to maintain freedom of action, delegate authoirty, directops from any locale and integrate/synch actions through the operational area
EMS
electromagnetic spectrum
SOF
special op forces
UCP
unified campaign plan
theatre of war
establish primarily when there is a formal act of war
use of informatin in theatre
understand/leverage to pervasiv enature of information. its military use and applicatino dur9ing joint ops
what does intelligence tell the JFC
adversary capabilities, COG, CV, future COA, to understand friend/neutral/hostile actors
joint fires
+2 weapon components in a coordinated action to produce desired results in support of common objectives
FHP
force health protection
maneuver
employ forces in the OA through mount in combo with fires to a position of advantage with respect to eh enemy
sustainment
provision of logistics and personnel to maintain ops through mission accomplish and redeployment of the forcer
- gives JFC means to establish freedom of action, endurance to extend operational reach
- determines to depth to what joint force can conduct decisive ops - allies JFC to seizure/retain/exploit the initiative
warfare today
application of power to force someone to form to our objectives
“my study of hix tells me that the challenges we face today are not new”
what type of leaders must the US develop
US must develop leaders who understand jointness in order to fight as a joint force - important b/c the Nation needs the strength of all armed services working together
principal textbook of JPME
“The Joint Staff Officer’s Guide”
not controlled, limited, or prevented by anyone
unfettered
to bring about
instigate
cloudy or misty
nebuly
“White Paper” by General Dempsy in 2012
every member of the joint force should seek to be a scholar of the profession of arms in his/ehr own right and a teacher to those coming along from behind
JPME
joint professional military education
JAWS
joint advanced warfightingh school
“A Profession of Arms”
a professional military education provides a force multiplier in our effort to develop advanced and shared values, standards, and attributes that define our Profession of Arms
White Paper expectations of JPME
- ability to understand the security environment and contribution of all items of national power
- ability to deal with surprise and uncertainty
- to recognize change and lead transitions
- operate on intent through trust
- empower and understand
- prepare adaptive, innovative, critical thinking capable of operating in complex and unstructured envirobments
- maintain our competitive learning advantage throgh mainstay of fundamentals of the art/science of war, intellectual curiousity coupled w/openness to new ideas, operational adaptabilities
- ability to properly balance the art of command with the science of control
- skills in negotiation, culture, and language
JP-1
Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the US
5 values of Joint Services
dutyu
honor
courage
Integrity
selfless service
DLA
desired leader attribtues
formal exchange of ideas
discourse
why is acculturation important for joint servies
“jointness is perishable”
CJCSi 1330.05A
“Joint Officer’s Management Program Procedures”
who is involved in the implementation of US National Security Policy
numerous organizations
who always has control of the military
civilian control of the military ALWAYS
civilian supremacy
prez is CoC
prez applies military I’s with adviseconsent of Senate
Congress: declares war, raise/supprots army, provides/maintains Navy, makes rules for the gov/regulatinos of the land and naval forces
Congress (in its role as civilian control of the military)
declare war,
raise/support army,
provide/maintain Navy,
makes rules for gov/regulations of land and naval forces
early US Army/Navy
separate
only thing in common was the President at teh head
Naval Officer at Lake Champlain
Admiral Macdonough
early example of a joint campaign
General Grant & ADM Porter
Vicksburg Campaign o 1863
force that makes something happen
impetus
school with church parish udnertones
pAROCHIAL
DOD reorganization act
Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act of 1986
further strengthened SecDef position as operational CofC
who reports down to CCMD
CJCS
who has ADCOM
secretaries of the branches
National Security Council
established 1947
- principle forum to consider national security issues that require a presidential decisino
- Congress envisions that it wo let mil/civil department work more effectively together on national security issues
- statutory changes of NSC are essentially unchanged since mid 2950s..
- its composition, influence, and schedule of meetings varies w/each Prez, personality of his key advising, and Prez vie of the org
statuatory members of National Security Council
Prez, SecDef, VP, SecEnergy
ADDITIONAL: attorney gen, sec treasury, sec HS, rep of US to the UN, National Security Advisor, chief of staff to prez
advisors to the National Security Council
CJCS and Director of National Intellgience
who is invited ot the National Security Council meetings when international and economic issues are being discussed
Sec Commerce, US trade rep,
assistant to the Prez for Economic Policy,
Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors
GFMIG
Global Force Management Implementation Guidance
3 roles of CJCS in chain of command of CCMD
COMMUNICATION, OVERSIGHT, SPOKESMAN
- communication conduit from Prez/SecDef to CCMD (advise all on direction/control)
- oversight of CCMD activities in matters dealting w/statuatory responsibilities of SecDef (recommend changes in assignment of function, roles, and missions - max force effectiveness)
- spokmesma of CCDR. comments on summary/analysis fo requirements, programs, and budgets
PCC
Policy Coordination Committees
- maintains day to day for an interagency coordiation of national security policies
mission of DOD
provides the military forces necessary to deter war and protect the security of hte US
SecDef exercises authority, direction and control over…
DOD, OSD, CJCS, 3 mil departments,,
10 Unified Commands
DOD Inspector Gen
17 Defense Agencies
10 DOD Field Activities
Deputy SecDef
delegated full powers to act on behalf of SecDef
OSD
Office of the SecDef
- principle staff element of DOD
- policy development, plannign, resource management, fiscal program eval and oversight
how many Defense Agencies fall under DOD
17
how many Field Activities fall under DOD
103
3 functions of DOD
support/defend the Constitution of US agaisnt all enemies foreign and domestic,
ensure, by its timely and effective mil activity, the security fo hteUS, its possessions, and areas vital to its interests,
uphold and advance the national polcies and interests of the SU
RC
Reserve
National Guard and National Guard
what branches have a National Guard
Army and Air Force
(DC, Guam, PUerto Rico and Virgin Is all have NG)
what does Title 10 say the Reserve Component should do
fill gaps when extras are needed
how are the Military Departments used
civilian control,
CofC forpurposes other than operational direction of CCMD
- Prez-SecDef-MilDept Sec
12 roles of Military Departments
recruit
org
supply
equip (includes R&D)
train
service
mob/demob,
admin,
construct/outfit/repair military equipment/buildings/utilities/structures
acquisition/manage/depose properly
natural resources
how is the National Guard different from Service RC (Reserve Components)
b/c the guard has both state and federal missions. this reflects its organization independent state militia
Reserve Component Duty States
State Ad,
Title 32
Title 10
STATE Active Duty (Reserve Component)
governor command authority
stae pays/benefits
no Posse Comitatus Act restrictions
**Chain of command and funding exclusively is the responsibility of the state
Title 32 (Reserve Component)
governor command authority,
federal pay/benefits
no pose comititus act restrictions
- Air and Army National Guard
= Chain of Command w/individual states but uses federal money - now the operating authority fo weekend drils
- ONLY for CONUS
- advantage aer for missions that invovle civilian law enforcement ad ops that span several staets since it eliminates teh disparity in individual state compensatino rules to maintain state governor’s command of their guard forces
Title 10 (Reserve Component)
Prez has command authoirty
federal pay /benefits
Posse Comititus Act restrictions
act that has no restrictions for State Active Duty and Title 32 (Reserve Component)
Posse Comitatus Act
advantage of Title 32 for Reserve Components
chain of command w/individual statues but uses federal money,
now the operating authority for weekend drills,
advantage for missions that involve civilian law enforcement and ops that span several states since it eliminates the disparity in indvidiusal state compensation rules and maintain state governor’s command of their ground troups
Title 14 Code (Reservists)
Coast Guard including their reserves
- under Dept HS
= if supporting homeland defense/security missions in conus, they support dod UNDER TITLE 10
Title 10
authority under which all active t=duty services and reservists serve
- coast guard can be activated in Title 10 status (maritime security patrols around Iraqi oil terminals
- army/air national guard can only be deployed OCONUS in a Title 10 status to comply w/th established status of forces agreements
budget/end strength of Ready Reserves
Ready Reserve annual budget = $50B
end strength = 43% of total DOD manpower and just under 10% of DOD total budget
3 manpower components of RC
Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Retired Reserve
Ready Reserve = SELRES, IRR, Inactive National Guard
process where the Reserve Component returns to AD
mobilization
most accessible Rserve component
Ready Reserve
differences between the 3 types of Reserve Components
Ready Reserve is the most accessible
- only call Selected an Retired Reserves when war is declared
3 types of Ready Reserves
SELRES
IRR
Inactive National Guard
requirements for Ready Reserves
48 paid drills per month (1 weekend/month)
- 14 days funded AD for training
explains activation/mob/demob for reserve components
DODD 1235.12
Full mobilization (Reserves)
Title 10
congress must declare war/national emergency
goal: rapid expansion to meet needs
- can call up all RC categories (including inactive and retired)
- no limits on the number of troops
- lasts duration of the war plus 6 months
Partial mobilization (Reserves)
Title 10
- prez says national emergency for manpower needs to meet external threat
- less than 24 conecutive months.
- no more than 1 million Redady reserves
Presidential Reserve Call Up
= prez determines need to augment activer duty for any named operation/threat/actual WMD threat or terror attack
- can include coast guard resreve
= only use under 200 SELRES/IRR
= less than 365 days
- less than 30K IRR
(full MOB/partial MOB can activate more people for longer)
Reserve Emergency Call-up
Title 10
= governor requests federal assistance IAW Stafford Act
- SecDef approves
- for manpower required to respond to major disasters
- calls up reserves but not National guard
_ under 120 days
- no troop size limit
Reserve Preplanend Callup
Title 10
AUGMENT ad FOR PREPLANNED MISSION S IN SUPPORT OF ccmd REQUIREMENTS
- costs must be bduged
- service approved and must report to congress
- under 60K RC for under 365 days
15 Day Statue
Title 10 USC
Service Secretary approval
governor consent required for national guard
= annual trainin or operational mission for NG or service RC
under 15 days per yr
what is II MEF trained todo
II MEF is trained/equipped as a force of readiness prepared to operate inside actively contested maritime spaces
what does II MEF do during steady state operations
II MEF supports maritime ops and theatre security cooperation activities to defend US interests, suport allies/parties, and oppose advesary `
what does II MEF do during crisis
operates under the JFMCC acts as part of a contract and blunt layers to set considtions to achieve maritime superiority
how are US adversaries competign
US adversaries are competing below the threshold fo war to challenge rules based on international roder
zero sum competition
- one party’s gain comes at the expense of another
- for someone to win, someone else has to lose an equal amount
- the net change in benefit or wealth is zero
- the total amount of value/wealth remains constant but its distribution among participants changes based on outcome
- abstract application: zero sum competition between current relevance and future readiness
problem/question for the MC to ask
“the MC is not organized, trained, equipped, or postured to meet the demands of rapidly evolving future OE”
bde
brigade
MCSCG
MC Security Cooperation Gruop
FPEP
foreign personnel exchange program
FLO
foreign liaison officer
ways data can be collected (mil)
briefs
AAR
trip reports
informative papers
MCFPEP
MC Foreign Personnel Exchange Program
- WWII noted a critical need for exchange/standardization operational doctrine between allied forces
- reduction of US military presence occurring has created a need for closer relations between friendlies
- this is one way to continee long-term selectively viable presence and association among military counterparts to enhance worldwide security cooperation
- 1:1 reciprocal exchange in support of US interests
- exchanged personnel are assigned billets based on existing manpower reqirements - billets are not created solely for the foreigners
- serve in existing T/O line number
OPNAV N3/N5
DCNO (Naval Operations) Operations, Plans, and Strategy
- principal adivsor to Chief of Naval Ops on joint operations and the development of joint strategies
SFA
Security Force Assistance
JSCP
joint capabilities strategic plan
Security Cooperation contributes to…
Security cooperation is an integral part. contributes to preventing conflict, enhancing interoperability with foreign parties, establish partnerships/access/infrastructure that supports larger miltiary operations
PP&O
plans, policies, and operations
DIRINT
director of intelligence
P&R
programs and resources
FPME
foreign profession military education
MCIOC
MC information operations center
TECOM
training and education command
CD&I
combat development and integration
MCWL
mc warfighting laboratory
CAOCL
center for advanced oeprational cultural learning
POM
program objective memorandum
MTRA
manpower and reserve affairs
MCICOM
MC installation command
I&L
installations and logistics
ACSA
Acqusition and Cross-Servicing Agremnetnt
CUI
controlled unclassified information
DOTMCPS
doctrine
organizational training material leadership edu personnel and facilities
Foreign peps when they are holding US billets
not assigned to positions that would result in actions that would give their parent gov intel access or at levels that exceed the levels authorized for release int eh National Disclosure Policy
ROMO
range of military operations
nefarious group based out of Uganda
Lord’s Resistance ARmy
MCIEAST
MC installation east
MEU
size makes it suited best to ops on teh lower end fo the spectrum of military ops
MEB
optimally sized, task org MAGTF to be able to respond to the entire range of mil ops
MEF
size makes it best suited for the campaigns and major combat ops
GCE includes…
infantry, artillery, combat engineers, LAR, amphibous assautl
permanent members
&
Advisors
OF
National Security Council
Permanent: PRez, VP, Energy, DOD, State
Advisors: CJCS and DNI
functions of DOD
support/defend the Constitutaion of US against all enemies foreign and domestic,
ensure, by timely and effective mil action, the security of the US, its possessions, and areas vital to its interests,
uphold/advance national policies and interests of the US
what is the National Guard considered
a reserve conponetn
what acts under Title 10
Active Duty/Reserves
what acts under Title 32
national Guarde
what acts under Title 14
Coast Guard
BUT
can be activated under Title `0 to support Homeland Defense or Homeland security missions
Joint Chiefs of Staff Reps
Commandant of MC
Chief of Naval Operations
Chief of Staff: Army and AF
Chief of Space Force
Chief National Guard Bureau
month/yr Space Force was established
December 2020
what made the Chief of National Guard Bureau a member of Joint Chiefs of Staff
NDAA 2012
1947 National Security Act
US air force, CIA, National Security Council
- establish legal basis for unified/specified commands
- JCS became principle mil advisors to prez/DecDefr
role of CJCS
military advisors
- strategic direction of armed force
- strategy to support national objectives
- contingency plan, budget, doctrine, train, education
J7
Joint Force Development
* 6 functions: doctrine, education, concept development and experimentation, train, exercises, lessons learned
J8
force structure, resources, and assessment
* war games, simulations…
MISO
soybean paste (soybeans, salt, koji (a fungus cultivated on rice),
military information suppot operations
interdiction
act of stopping something from reaching another place. often through force
- also refers to steady bombardment of enemy positions and commuication lines to delay/disorganize processes
difference between embassy and consulate
embassy is larger, more important, and permanen t diplomatic mission. often in the country’s capitol city
roles of Coast Guard
interdiction, homeland security, ice ops, maritime safey, SAR
“Rational Actor MODEL”
believes a government acts as a single entity.
examines a problem rationally,
weights policy options according to their utility and picks solution/policy options based on cost-benefit analysis
**is that how things really workes
essence of CIA
intel gathering
clandestine ops
intel analysis
State Dept essence
report
represent
negotiaon
6 things to know about an organization
influence
autonomy
role/missions
morale
budget
TAM
table of authorized materials
- source document for logistics planning w/respect to selected material authorized by use
LTI
limited in scope and objective
- to check for servicability and to see the extent/level of maintence needed to restore to use
logistics
science of planning, planning movement and maintence
objectives of: strategic, operational, and tactical
strategic: national security
operational: campaigns and major ops
tactical: battle and engagement
goal of the operational level
establish objectives to accomplish sequential events
difference between preventative and corresctive maintence
preventative: keep servicable
corrective: return to serviceable conditoin
principles of logistics (flexibility)
alternate planning, anticipate, reserve assets, redundancy, forward support of phased logistics, centralized control w/decentralized execution
principle of logistics (economy)
provide sufficient support w/o impairing the mission’s decentralization
when do the principles of logistics become irrelevant
all principles logistics become irrelevant if logistics doesn’t support the CDR’s CONOP
Maritime Prepositioning Force
uses Military Sealift Command’s 13 ships pto preposition necessary supplies/equipment
6 types of maintence
overhaul
preventative
rebuild
repair
unserviceable
rotoscoping
animation technique that animators use to trace over motion picture footage frame by frame to produce realistic images
overhaul
to repair something so every part works as it should,
to completely change a system so it works more effectively
rebuild
restoration as nearly serviceable as possible to original condition in appearance, performance, and life expectancy
GAS
group aid station
S
casualty receiving and tratmetn ship
TMIP
Theatre Medical Information Program
motto of 1st marines
No Better Friend, No worse enemyMad
General Matthis speaking to Marines/Sailors in 2003
one day before the initial Iraq invasion
read full letter
“you are part of the world’s most feared and trusted force. engage your brain before you engage you weapons.
Class A mishap
Direct mishap cost totaling $2,500,000 or more.
A fatality or permanent total disability.
Destruction of a Department of Defense aircraft.
Permanent loss of primary mission capability of a space vehicle.
Class B mishap
- Direct mishap cost totaling $600,000 or more but less than $2,500,000.
- A permanent partial disability.
- Inpatient hospitalization of three or more personnel (not counting individuals hospitalized for observation, diagnostic, or administrative purposes that were treated and released.
- Permanent degradation of primary or secondary mission capability of a space vehicle or the permanent loss of secondary mission capability of a space vehicle.
Class C mishap
- Direct mishap cost totaling $60,000 or more but less than $600,000.
- Any injury or occupational illness that causes loss of one or more days away from work not including the day or shift it occurred.
- An occupational injury or illness resulting in permanent change of job.
- Permanent loss or degradation of tertiary mission capability of a space vehicle.
class D mishap
Direct mishap cost totaling $25,000 or more but less than $60,000.
- Any mishap resulting in a recordable injury or illness not otherwise classified as a Class A, B, or C mishap. These are cases where, because of injury or occupational illness, the employee only works partial days, has restricted duties (does not include medical restriction from flying or special operational duties (DNIF) or was transferred to another job, required medical treatment greater than first aid, or experienced loss of consciousness. In addition, a significant injury (e.g. fractured/cracked bone, punctured eardrum) or occupational illness (e.g. occupational cancer (mesothelioma), chronic irreversible disease (beryllium disease) diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional must be reported even if it does not result in death, days away from work, restricted work, job transfer, medical treatment greater than first aid, or loss of consciousness.
Class E mishap
n event cost totaling < $25K. Certain occurrences do not meet reportable mishap classification criteria, but are deemed important to investigate/report for hazard identification and mishap prevention. Class E reports provide an expeditious way to disseminate valuable mishap prevention information.
awake/rest rules for flying
8hr uninterrupt rest/sleep every 24hrs
cannot fly if awake over 18hrs. if awake over 18hrs, schedule 15hrs of continues off duty time in advance
BAC to fly
no alcohol b/c it can affect vestibular system >48hrs pconsumption
- no alcohol within 12hrs of flight
problem of tobacco if flyingq
impairs night vision, dark adaption, hypoxia.
caffine limit if flying
no more than 450mg caffeine (3-4 cups) per day to fly
vb/c
dehydration, excitability, loss concentration,
nitrogen to O2 content in air
Nitrogen = 78%
O2 21%st
ages of hypoxia
indifferent
compensatory
disturbance
critical
time of useful consciousness at 20K ft
15-20 min
what happens in the critical stages of hypoxia
LOC
convulsions
death
4 forces in flight
lift must be greater or equal for the flight to happen
- weight - force of gravity action on teh aircraft
thrust - forward force must be > drag
drag - force holding the plane back
force pushing a plane forward versus the force holding it back
thrust
drag
salvo
simultaneous discharge of firearms
- rripple b/c
what hampers joint interagency coordination
cultural differenes and absence of clear/focused performance measures
instruments of national power
DIME
location of the Joint Interagency Task Force - South
Key West, FL
good position to combat ilicit narco traffic
GAO
government accountability office
yr of teh haiti earthquake
2010
differences in mission between DOD and DOS
D: fight/win wars
S: Diplomacy
principle probl
em of joint interagency
decisionmaking is lack of decisive authority
nno one in charge
what do leaders need to understand
group dynamics and recgonize groupthink
what do team meetings need
sytructure, focus
groupthink
consensus w/o discussion
MOE
criteria to assess change in system behavior, capability, OE tied to attainment of an endstate/objective achieved/create effecyt
MOP
criteria to assess friendly action tied to measuring task accomplishment
IGO
intergov agency
problem that our senior leaders are facign
they are being asked to do more but with funding constraints
where does an operation need to go…
end state
benchmarking
helps organizations ID standards of performance in other orgs then import then successfully into their own
- a management/productivity tool
- Benchmarking is the practice of admitting that others are better at something than you are
- sets aspirational/direcive goods to inspire/motivate
what do all organizations seek to do iot fulfill their mission
to fulfill their mission, all orgs must seek to influence to pursue their objectives
pay lip service
loyalty and respect insincerely
liquidate
convert assets into cash
nickname for mil pilots
brown shoes navy
where does the CIA get 90% of its information
from public sources
bailiwick
the office/jourisdication of a bailiff,
sphere in which one has superior knowledge/authority. domaon
4 things asked of ambassadors
report what is going on,
Represent US before foreign gov/public,
negotiate US business,
look after American lives, property
organization struggles..
org struggles hardest for the capabilities it views as necessary to thde essence of the organization,
resists efforts to take away functions r/t that
Donald Rumsfeld
SecDef 2001-2006 under Bush Jr,
AND SecDef 1975-1977
PLUS
- Ford’s Chief of Staff for one year and US Ambassador to NATO (both in the early 1970s for a year each)
foreclosure
the action of taking possesion of a mortagaged property whent he mortgagor fails to keep up with their payments
Dean Rusk
Sec of S under Kennedy and LBJ (served 61-69)
ship captured by North Korea
USS Pueblo in 1968
what must be done if you add new responsibilities to an organizatino
you might also have to add a budget
yr of Berlin Crisis
1948
ways to avoid conflict
play the game,
don’t rock the boat…
inextricably
in a way that is impossibleto disentabgle or separayt
diplomacy
practice of influencing decisions and conduct via non-violent means
shared global challenges
climate change,
disease,
tech disruption,
financial crisis
3 ways the world is becoming more connected
tech
trade
people movement
who do people prefer to gravitate towards
preference to gravitate towards those who share similar views, reinforce beliefs, understand same truths
depending on each other
interdependent
what do powerful firms try to do
powerful firms try to insert influence in political and oscial arenas
what is a key driver of economic development
urbanization
where is there the greatest risk of food insecurity
urban households lack access to subsistence farming options so greater risk of food insecuritity in urban cities
primary producers of food globally
women are the primary producers of food globally but have limited land rights
push & pull factors for migrants
better economic prospects,
conflict,
social/religious repression…
measures income inequality in the developing world
Gini Coefficient
Gini Coefficient
measures income inequality
middle income trap
inflation of the take home pay outpaces worker production leadign to stagnation of income growth
countervail
equal/match
to exert force against an opposing/harmful force or influence
Paris Agreement
to limit global warming to 1.5C
effect of global warming on water
global warming has made the water more acetic
nascent
just coming into existence and beginnign to display signs of future potential (talking about a process or organization)
methane release
methane is released from wetlands, permafrost…
loss of reflective sea ice
loss of reflective sea ice reveals more ocean surface which is dark and absorbs heat faster
fishing industry challenges
oxygen depletion
overfishing
rapid warming
acid
warmer temperature’s are killing coral
BECCS
bioenergy with carpon capture and storage
- ability to result in net emissions of CO2
-= a way ofr removing CO2 from the atmosphere by capturing and storing it from biomass based energy processes
problem of invasive species
choke out
geoengineering
large scale inventions to cool/coutneract climate change
SAI
stratosphereic aerosol injections
- spray particles in teh air to cause global dimming
current geoengineering
almostt entirely computer models w/NGO/academic
fiat currency
government issued currency that is not backed by a commodity such as gold
- typically designated by the issuing govering to be legal tender and authorized by government regulations
Alibaba
chinese tech company specializing in e-commece, retail, internet, technology
relationship between religion and organizations
religion plays a key role in organizing in so manyparts of the world servicing as a source of legitimacy and authority
forces of globalization
mobility, urbanization, and connectivity
what kind of country is Iran
socially sonservative
problem of social media
social media creates an echo chamber of likeminded users who share info to confirm their exsiting worldviews and limits understanding of alternative perspectives
algorithms on social media
algorithms on social media platforms curate and distill massive amoutns of data that shapes political/social
– power wielded by generating contention
Freedom House
non-profit that does political dvocacy for democracy and human rights
what are rival powers looking to do
shape global norms, rules, and insituttions
control key sites of exchange
telecommunicatin,
data flow,
supply chain, finance
China expects deference from neighbors on…
trade,
resource exploitation,
territorial disputes
mental shortcuts/rules of thumb
heuristics
2RP tool
“Rules, Results, People”
Rules: what rules apply here?
Results: end-based thinking. what are the possibiliteis results of action (include not taking action), what are the prioritiez/goals, what choices
People: what is teh most overall moral/girtuaous action
Results
“ends based wayh fo thking”
- what are the possible results from action (or even not taking action)
- what are teh applicable priorities/goals of all sized?
- what would teh choices do to their priorities/goals
FOGO
Flag/General Officers
where will most of us lead from
the middle
* we rarely have positional authority allowing us to make significant decisiosn oruselves
what do you need to do in order to be an effective JO/staff officer
you must consider the issues weighing on your boss in order to effectively elad from the middle
Gen Martin Dempsy’s 3 Principles of Mission Command
- Commander’s Intent
- Mission Type orders
- decentralized execution
3 key attributes of mission command
understanding
intent
trust
what is at the center of mission command
trust
“trust is teh connective tissue behind decentralized command b/c it connects the art of command tot eh science of control
benefits of heuristics
cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb
- helps us make quick and efficint
- shoretens decision making judgment
- helsp w/speed but also leads to cognitive biases
are humans rational thinkers?
no. we behave unpredictably and from bias/emotions
why is comprehensive assessment essential
- helps develop higher quality options
- proven framweork and methodology
- comprehensive
- flexible
- strategic perspective
- basis for decisoin making
- credibility
availability bias
tendency to attach too much weight to information we have available to us (even if we have done no systematic research)
- e.g. peopel who believe their anecodtoes as evidence for how the world works. if your friends kid had a bad experience w/tghe Covid vaccien, you believe you will too even if research shows otherwisebanda
bandwagoning
tendency to adopt teh same belief as those aroudn you or assuming that others are making the right decision
confirmation bias
tendency to find evidence that supports what you already beliefe or to interpret evidence to support what you already know. aren’t open to changing mind
Dunning-Kruger effect
less competent people have a tendency to believe they know more than they actually do
- well informed people usually have a very low confidence in their own views b/c they know enough to realize how complicated the world is
- ill informed peopel are extremely confident that their views are correct b/c they haven’t le3aned enough to see problems w/it
Socrates said truse wisdom is “to know that I know nothing”
what did Socrates say about true wisdom
true wisdom is “to know that I know nothing”
fundamental attribution bias
tendency to believe your own successes are due to effort and inate talent while the successes of others are due to luck
WHILE
you believe your own failures aer due to bad luck and the failures of others are due to their lack of effort and talent
SO: you give yoruself credit while denying credit to others
problems with heuristics
heuristics can led to inability to see new solutions or come up with new ideas
- inaccurate judgment about how common things occur
anchoring bias
tendency to focus too much on a single piece of information rather than all available infomration
0- usually w/first bit of info you see/most recently receive/most emotionally charged
ostrich (cognitive bias)
knew but avoid. willful claim ignorance
4 key elements for making sound decisins
framing,
gathering intellgience,
coming to conclusions,
learning from feedback
10 of the most serious decision traps
plunging in
frame blindness
lack of crame control
overconfidence in judgment
shortsighted
shooting from the hip
group failure
fooling yourself about feedback
not keeping track
failure to audit decision processes
MDMP
Military Decision Making Process
SOI
School of Infantry
METT-T
mission, enemy, troops, time, terrain
how do we look at military tasks
we don’t always look closely at the tasks
what skill goes into writing an OPORD
analysis.
breakdown and plan
BSTS
battle skills training school
when haven’t you planned enough
unless you peel back every layer of the onion, you haven’t ploanned enough
what does the “missin” tell you
what you are responsible for
aka terrain
TX
what do you need to do when you look at a problem
look at a problem and break it down to find solutions
- we are all capable of that
what do you need to know about your adversary
need to know what their capabiliteis are
problems in logistics
“time, space, logistics”
- power, lift, resupply, contested environment, communication
logistics of call casualties in R2LM
who will help ERC move casualties
think about the terrain
friendly & enemy
- good and bad aspects
- seasonal
APRIL - cold rainy health concerns
- human factors - ability of us/them to fight
- how will it affect us and them
how does J-2 help the CO
intelligence helps the CO understand the OE
when is intelligence of the greatest value
when it contributes to the commander’s decision-making process by providing insights into understanding the OE (leading to mission accomplishment)
activities iwthin the Joint Intelligence Process
plan and dierct
collection
processing and exploitation
analysis and productivn
dissemination and integration
eval and fedback
data
raw factual info
raw factural information in intelligence
data
continuum of data to intelligence
data = raw factual information
information = series of data that can be used to make decisions
intelligence = full utility of information
2 critical features that makes intel different from information
intelligence allows predictions of fucture actions/circumstances and informs decisions by
COM
collection operations management
leaving no doubt
unequivical
what does intelligence allow CO’s at all levels to do
intelligence allows CO’s at all levels to focus their resources nad protect the force across a range of military operations
7 purposes of Joint Intel
inform CO,
describe OE,
identify/defining/nominate objects,
support the planning an execution of objectives<
counter adversary deception and surprise,
support friendly deception efforts,
assess the effects of operations
benefit of identifying weaknesses
those can be explited
7 things to know about the adversary
intention
objectives
strengths v. weaknesses
critical vulnerabilities
human factors
COA
COG
how can intel attack the mind of the adversary
by misleading, deluding, or creating uncertainity
BUT
intel also needs to monitor how the adversary reacts to it
questions provoked by intel
“Are we producing desired or undesirable effects?”
- what unforeseen opportunities can be exploited or require a change in planning
how does intel verify information it collects
redundant information collection from multiple sources verifies it
EEI
essential elements of information
- a subset of information requirements that are rlated to and would be answered in a PIR
information collected on your peers
FFIR: friendly force information rquirement
information collected on your adversaries
PIR: priority intellginece requirements
CCIR
commander critical information requirement
CRM
Collection Requests Management
- synchronizes teh timing of collection with the operational scheme of maneuver and with other intelligence operations such as processing/exploitation, analyses and production, and dissemination
JCMB
Joint Collection Management
DOD 5240.1-R
“Procedures Governing the Activity of DOD Intelligence Components that affect US Persons”
Joint Intelligence Architecture
operational and systems architecture
JMD
joint manning document
- validated via Manpower and ersonnel directorate of a joint staff tot he combatant commander for validation
GI&S
geospational information and services
geodesy
science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D
ancient past (typically before the Middle Ages)
antiquity
field of regard
FOR
- total area that can be captured by a movable sensor
(not to be confused with field of vision FOV which is the angular cone perceived by the sensor at a particular time instant)
- field of regard is the total areathat the sensor can perceived by pointing the sensor. so larger than field of vision
using ISR
facilitates coordination and synchronization of activities
JIPOE
“gy poe”
- joint intel preparation of the operating environment
2 types of targeting
deliberate and dynamic
- deliberate targeting is done wihen there is sufficient time to include a target in a plan or ATO
