SMARTbooks Flashcards
MCDP
Marine Corp Doctrinal Publications
MCWP
Marine Corp Warfighting Publicatons
MCRP
Marine Corp Reference Publications
SCAR
Strike Coordination and Reconaissance
FGP
Force Generation Process
NTTP
Navy Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
ROMO
Range of Military OPerations
LOCE
Littoral Operations in a contested environment
EABO
expeditionary advance base operations
EAB
expeditionary advanced bases
CAT
crisis action team
OPT
operational planning team
R2P2
rapid response plannign process
IPB
intelligence preparation ofhte battlefield
types of information
CCIR - commander critical informaiton requirements
PIR - priority
FFIR - friendly forces
EEFI
RFI
FSCC
fire support coordination center
3 ways to increase speed of maneuver
- emphasize simplicity
- de-centralize execution through mission tactics and commanders intent
- gain experience through training which promotes rapid decision-making and implicit communication with the organization
mission tactics
assignment of a task to a subordinat eithout specifying how it must be accomplished
commander’s ntent
provides the overall purpose behind the task along with the authority/responsibility to adapt their methods for achieving the task as the situation unfolds
what type of force is the marine corp
the marine corp is an expeditionary naval forcfe
building partner capability and capacity,
forging relationships across cultural barriers
promoting diplomati caccess
3 permanent commands to provide forces to CCDR
MARFORCOM - marien forces command
MARFOR PAC - pacific
MARFORSOC - special operations command
“global force management”
JP 1
Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States
arrange MAGTF from largest to smallest
MEF, MEB, MEU, SPMAGTF
arrange GCE components of the MAGTF from largest to smallest
MARDIV - MEF
regiment- MEB
Battaltion Landing team - MEU
arrange ACE components of the MAFTF from largest to smallest
MAW - MEF
Marine Aircraft Group - MEB
squadrons - MEU
arrange LCE components of the MAGTF from largest to smallest
MLG - MEF
Combat Logistics Regiment -MEB
Combat Logistics Battalon - CLB
largest standing MAGTF
MEF
components of MEF
MARDIV = GCE
MAW = MAW
MLG = MLG
AMC
air mobility command
supplies that deploy with a MEF
MEF deploys with 60 days of supplies
deployment of a MEF
Amphib
deploys with 60 days of supplies
7 characteristics of expeditionary operations
expeditionary mindset
tailored forces
forward deployment
rapid deployment
expeditioanry basing
forcible entry
sustainment
concepts of expeditionary maneuver warfare
OMFTS
STOM
STOM
ship to bjective maneuver
tenents of expeditionary maneuver warfare
- focuses decisionmaking and effects on an operational objective
- maximizes maneuver battlespace (air, land, sea) through enhanced mobility
- generates overwhelming tempo and momentum through enhanced strategic agility, operational reach, and tactical flexibility
- pits strengths against enemy weakness
- emphasizes intelligence, deception, flexibility, and sustainment
- promotes integration of organic/joint/interagency/combined efforts
- provides a joint/combined enabler and force multiplier
- capable across the entire spectrum of conflict
OMFTS
appplies maneuver warfare to expeditionary power projection in naval operations as part of a joint/combined cmpaings
- allows the force to exploit the sea as maneuver space while applying combat power ashore to achieve the operationaal objectives
what does OMFTS enable to force to do
shatter the enemy cohesion,
pose menacing dilemmas,
apply disruptive firepower,
establish superior temp,
focus efforts to maximize effect,
exploit opportunity,strike unexpectedly
what does sea basing facilitate
sea-basing facilitates maneuver warfare by eliminating the requirement for an operational pause as the loanding force builds combat powr ashore and by freeing the MAFTF from the constrains of a traidtional beachhead or coalition partners
EMS
electromagnetic spectrum
JRSOI
joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration
why is decentralized execution so important
because no one commander can control detailed action by large numbers of units/individuals
- near simplicity and clarity
why is centralized planning important
to control and coordinate
JPG
joint planning grup
EABO
expeditioanry advanced base operations
EABO Handbook
EAB
expeditionary advanced bases
to survive and operate within range of adversary long-range fires
joint/Navy personnel/capabilities are required to create a persistent, distributed, credible, and operationally relevant force that must be based/sustained on more
5 types of passive/force protection
mobility
cover
concealment
decoy
deception
establish maritime strongponts
when practical, establish mutually-supporting strongpoints adjacent to close and confined seas to conduct tactical maritime defense-in-depth of key maritime terrain
difference between Cold War-era and today’s overseas bases
during cold war, we maintained significant miltiary forces positioned overseas in close proximity to likeoly employed areas. today, most mil forces are now based in teh US and eploy oversseas/rotationally/episodically to meet operational requirements
power projection
ability of a nation to apply all/some of its elementsw of national power - DIME- to rapidly and effectlvely deploy and sustain forces in/from multiple dispersed locations to respond to crises, contribute to deterrence, and enhance regional stability
littoral maneuver
ability to transition ready-to-fight combat forces from the sea to shore in order to achieve a position of advantage over the enemy
difference from ship-to-shore maneuver and ship-to-objective maneuver
Lebanon in 1980s
1982: Palestine Liberation Org removal from Lebanon
year the US embassy in Somalia was evacuated
1991
year of Guadacanal
1942
Guadacanal
1942: began the campain to neutralize the enemy base at Rabaul
leads ARG/MEU
ARG/Navy = Navy O-6
embarked MAGTF = Marine O6
4 options for the Marine Corp when conducting sustained operations ashore
enabling
decisive
exploitation
sustaining
“enabling force” option for sustained amphib operations ashore
enabling force sets the stage for later follow-on operations
- like how Guadacanal 1942 set up for other joint forces to compleit the seizure and advance through the Solomon islands towards Rabaul in 1943
MEF in Operational Desert Storm
1991: I MEF fixed Iraqui forces in Kuwait so CENTCOM’s Army could use a maneuver to envelop the enemy
year of Grenada
1983
- Army forces fixed CUban/Grenadian forces at one end of the island, the Marines landed/maneuvered freely across the island, accomplishing the joint force commanders objectives
campaign
series of related major operatiosn aimed at achievingt strategic/operational objectives within a givne time and space
show of force operations
show of force operations demonstrates US resolve. increases visibility of deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation that, if allowed to continue, may be detrimental to US interests or national objctives
enforcement of sanctions
coercive measures to interdict the movement of designated items in/out of a nation or specified area to compel a country/group to conform to the objectives of hte nation/international body that establishes the sanctions
3 things in an effective defense
- use of intelligence assets to locate enemy forces
- combined use of fire and maneuver to blunt the enemy’s momentum
- speed that facilitates transition of friendly forces to the offensive
when should you strike at the enemy
during their most vulnerable times/space
use of ISR to track the enemy
ISR assets to track the enemy, ID critical enemy nodes like C2, radar, logistics train, and indirect fire support
3 things that offensive operations do
seize the initiative,
gain freedom of action,
create effects to achieveobjectives
successful offensive operations
- destory enemy force/equipment
- deceive and divert the enemy
- deprive the enemy of resources
- gain information
- fix the enemy in place
- seize key terrain
- force an enemy decision
- disrupt enemy action or preparation
- avoid enemy strengths/attack their weakness by focusing combat power on their critical vulnerabilities
- isolate the enemy from his sources of support to include the population in counterinsurgency operations
- strike the enemy from an unexpected direction to disrupt their plans
- exploit every advantage
- overwhelm the enemy commanders ability to observe, orient, decide, act
*** use speed to seize the initiateiv eand degrate the enemy’s ability to resist
4 types of offensive operations-movement
contact, attack, exploitation, persuit
goal of offensive operations
move to exploitation and persuit as rapidly as possible
- take advantage of enemy weaknesses and mover to a position of advnatage
RIP-TOA
relief in place-transfer of authoirty
who is in charge during RIP-TOA
relief in place - transfer of authoity
* outgoing CDR is responsible for defense of their sector until transfer of authority
objective of an obstacle
to impose loss of personnel, time, equpment
- impediments to movement that usually require specific techniques/equpment to overcome
- obstruction that disrupts/fixes/turns/blocks movement
critical requirement when transversing an obstacle/barrier
reduce/eliminate the effects fo enemy fire covering the obstacle
goal: cross the obstacle with minimum delay to maintain momentum and limit casualties
- rehearse and extensive prepareation to minimize loses
should you bypass an obstacle/barrier set by your adversary
yes: to save time, labor, risk to personnel/equipment
no: bypass route that may first appear desirable may lead to a kill zone
break through/secure passage through enemy defenses/obstacles/fortification
breach
most common means of overcoming a obstacle set by your adversary
hasty or deliberate breech
what does a hasty breach involve
speed, surprise, force dispersion, decentralize dcontrol
what does a deliberate breach require
concentrated force to overcome the obstacle and enemy defenses oon the other sizde
- needs detailed and extensive planning, sustained supporting arms, engineer support
- if hard, the attacker may lose momentum an the initiative
criteria for an encircled force to break out
- doeesn’t have sufficient relative combat power to defend itself against the enemy
0 does not have adequate terrain to conduct its defense - cannot sustain itself and needs relief by friendly forces
problem when you lack reconaissance
the enemy may surprise
purpose of reconaissance operations
support he CDR’s decision making process by collecting information to develop SA and satisfy critical intelligence requirements
* attempts to answer the CDR’s questions about hte enemy and battlespace in whicvh the MAGTF will operate
* reconaissnce to maintain contact with the neemy
rule of law
programs conducted to ensure all individuals and institutions, public/private, and the state are held accontable to the lw
FID
foreign internal defense
how are tactical tasks assigned
based on capabilities
maneuver around an opstacle/position/enemy force to maintain the momentum of advance
bypass
canalize
to restrict the opening to a narrow zone by the use of existing or reinforced obstacles or by fires/bombing
to resist the opening to a narrow zone by the use of existing/reinformcing obstacles or by fires/bombign
canalize
MCPP
marine corp plannign process
- 6 steps. wargaming
BAMCIS
begin planning, arrange for a reconaissance, make a reconaissance, complete the plan, issue the order supervise
use if the turnaround time is too fast to use the MCPP processs
R2P2: rapid reponse paning process
time constrained version of hte MCPP
R2P2
rapid response planning process
* relies heavily on SOP
*lets the MEU plan/begin executing certan tasks within 6hrs. highly dependent on SOp
IBP products
Intelligence pREparation fo hte battlespace
MCOO
modified combined obstacle overlay
Military plannign tools
adversary template, decision support template/matrix
MCOO, war game worksheets
which J/N/S shop does future plans
J-5
which J/N/S shop does future operations
G-3
role of the Current Operations Center
J-3 shop
= coordinates/executes OPORDS
= prepares/transmits FRAGORD
= monitors operations of the force
= tracks CCIRs and reports relevant infomation to the CDR
- analyze/synthesizes battlespace information
how to change the OPORD
issue FRAGO
battlespace area
area of interest
area of influence
area of itnerest
battlespace area that has friendly/enemy forces, capabilities, infrastrcuture, terrain that concerns the CDR
- can also include areas outseide and normaly exceeds the CDR’s operational reach
area of influence
CDR can affect via actions with his troops like fires/mneuver
= limited by physical limits of the organic systems like fire support, aviation, mobility, reconaissance
factors that change the area of operation
= incorporating geoplitical constraints
- accomplishing objectives
- assuming new mission/task
- shifting to a new phase of operation
- anticipating exploitation/persuit
- assuing the main effort
stands to be accomplished via deep operations
seize the initiative
create windows of opportunity for decisvie action
restrict enemy freedom of action
disrupt the cohesion/tempo of enemy operations
who usually does deep operations
ACE b/c the GCE/LCE has farther reach
first step in MCPP
problem framing
importance of higher level of understanding in the MCPP
debunk invalid assumptions, inaccurate sterotypes, erroneous capability assessments
why is framing problems critical
no amount of planning can solve a problem that is insufficiently understood
- must both judge the synthesis and systemic study of analysis
OIF/OEF
operation iraqui freedom/enduring freedom
what does the IPB enable the CDR to do
IPB enables the CDR to gain ina understanding of hte adversary within the contet o fthe broader OE.
understanding the problem (considrations for MCPP)
existing design like mission/intent, orders, directives, estimtes of hte situation, CDR’s guidence
adversary, friendly forces
information environment
terrain/weather
troops/upport
civil consideration (HN/indigenous/locals)
difference between existing/desired conditions
limitations
assumptions
specified tasks
initiatl staff estimates
input from other CDRS
experience and judgment
range of potential actions
tempo
commander’s intent
CDR’s personal expression of the purpose of the operations
- msutbe clear, concise, easily understood
charactistics needed for developed COA
suitable, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, complete
characteristics of “Suitable” COA’s
does the COA accomplish the purpose/task
does it comply with teh CDR’s guidence
characteristics of “Suitable” COA’s
does the COA accomplish the purpose/task
does it comply with teh CDR’s guidencec
characteristics of a “Feasible” COA
does the COA accomplish teh mission within the available time, space, resources
characteristics of an “Acceptable” COA
ist he COA proportional and worth the cost in personnel/equipment/material/time invovld/position?
is it consistent with law of war and is it militarily and politically supportable
characteristics from a “Complete” COA
does the COA inclue all tasks to be accomplished?
does it address the entire mission (main/supporting efforrs, reserve, andassociated risks)
3 task analysis
specified, implied, essential
METT-T
misson, enemy, terrain, weather, troops and support available intim0e
* evaluate COA
factors to consider when designing COA options
METT-T
2 fundamental quetions posed by pallers
what needs to be accomplished?
how sould it be done?
green cell
insights into the COA wargaming from the civilian considerations
civilian considerations when wargaming COA
green cell
purpose of wargaming
to develop/test/pick COA
* pit friendly COAagaisnt adversary COA to ID strengths/weakness oand options to be exploited
who runs the red cell durng wargaming
Intel (J-2)
risk assessment
casualty projection/limitation & personnel replacement requirements
project enemylosses
adverary POW handling procedures
intelligence collection requirements and limitatons
HPT ID/HVT acqusition
supporting arms limitations or oppportuntiies
projected assets/resource requirements
operational reach
sorties/capabilites required versus sorties/capabilities available
prepositionng equipment/supples
projected location of unit/supplies/command posts?combat operations centers
C2 shortfals/limitaions
successful R2P2
understand the MCPP
detailed preparation/training/organizaton fo the force/equipment
intelligence/mission products developed prevoiusly
current intel information
refined/well reheared SOp
pdf “Generic INtelligence REquirement Handbook”
ID hazards
assess hazards
make risk decisions
implement controls
supervise
ORM
decision-makingtool to increase operational effectiveness by ID, assess, manage risk to reduce th potential or loss and increas the probability of a successful mjisson
PMESII
political
military
economic
social
infmatino
infrastructure
OPERATIONAL VARIABLES
operational variables
PMESII
key of IPB p
refinement
HVTL
high value target lists
disposition of your adversary
how the threat/adversary forces are arrayed on the battlefield/space
- reflects current, rececent, projected movements or locations of tactical forcesw
strength of your adversary
personnel, weapons, equipment
considerations of your enemy
composition, disposition, strength, combat effectiveness, combat/tactics
SIR
specific infomration requirements
SOR
specific order or requests
MARSOC
marine corp forces special operations command
LOCE
littoral operations in a contested environment
BDA
battle damage assessment
SPINS
special instructions
“split”
ARG and MEU remain employed within a single GCC AOR but the units are separated by time, distance, or task while operating beyond the reach of organic tiltrotor aircrft/landing craft
phases of an amphibious operation
PERMA
planning, embarkation, rehearsal, movement, action
PERMA
phases of amphibous operations
planning, embarkation, rehearsal, mo vement, action
planning phase of amphibious operations
issuing of the directive that triggers planning for the op to the end of hte embarkation of LF
when does plannign end
technically never
embarkation phase of amphibious operations
embarkes in asigned shipping
needed to terminate an amphibious operation
criteria for how/when to terminate amphibious operations are discussed udring operational design
CSS
combat service support
5 types of amphibious operations
raid, demonstration, assault, withdrawl,AF support to other operations
amphibious raid
swift incursion into or tempoary occupation of an objective to accomplish an assigned mission followed by planned withdrawl
reasons to conduct an amphibious raid
indisputed confirmation of desctruction
capture/kill key personnel|
collect information
evacuation and recovery
diversion
psychological
support forces in contact
unconventional warfare
how do amphibious raids collect information
disposition
strengths/weaknesses
movement
reaction to attack
weapons
maneuvers used in amphibious raids
ship-to-objective maneuver
METOC
meterological and oceanographic
why might a specific beach be chosen for an amphibious raid
tactical surprise, facilitate withdrawl, near the objective to avoid heave forced march over land carrying heavy combat loads,
what happens if there is no suitable landing area near the objective
amphib raid lands far from the objective to reduce the chance of detection and enemy response. then assembles, reorganizes, moves into an objective rally point near the objective
what is essential for the success of an amphibious raid
surprise
a force multiplier
helps to offset the lack of fire in prepare ting the objective area
how can amphibious raids maximize/achieve surprise
deception
stealth
speed
disguise
ambiguity
factors that influence the choice of landing areas for the raid force
enemy disposition
sea appraoches
hydrographic and beach characteristics
availability of LZ
avenues of approach to objective and beach exit
EMCOM
emission control
SIGCON
signature control
pre H hour fires
pre-H-hours fires may be an effective part of deception operations to draw enemy attention away from the raid or its objectives
