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ULTIMATE Military Compilation > International Relations > Flashcards

International Relations Flashcards

1
Q

polarity

A

how power is distributed within the international system
- unipolarity, bipolarity, multipolarity (+3 center sof power)

system is completely dependent on the distribution of power and influence of states in a region/globally

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2
Q

shatter belt

A

geopolitical term
- strategically positioned and oriented regions on a political map that are deeply internally divided and encompassed in the competition between the great powers in geostrategic areas and spheres

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3
Q

2 states engaging in brinksmanship even though ideally one state should yield to another

A

chicken game

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4
Q

collective action problem

A

situation where uncoordinated action for each state will not result in the best outcome for either state

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5
Q

democratic peace treaty

A

theory that democratic states will not normally engage war on each other

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6
Q

Realism

A

international relations theory based on the premise that states will act rationally to maximize their power which inevitably leads to conflict

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7
Q

chain ganging

A

group of alliances that requires all memebrs to declare war against the attacking party

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8
Q

tendency of states to refuse to address a growing threat in hopes other states will

A

buck passing

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9
Q

sanction

A

state prohibits their citizens from trading with/traveling to a target country in order to punish it or deter it w/o use of military force

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10
Q

Balkanization

A

fragmentation of a larger state/region into smaller regions/states which may be hostile to each other
- caused by differenes in ethnicity, culture, religion, past greviences
- often used by voices who prefer the status quo to underscore the dangers of runaway secessionism

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11
Q

security dilemma

A

situation in international relations where a state decision to increase its security by expanding its military causes others to do the same to promote their security interests too.
_ vicous cycle

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12
Q

type of government that combines democratic and dictatorial frameworks

A

Anocracy

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13
Q

Arms Race

A

situation where nations increase their military expenditure due to a shared distrust
- creates a spiral of insecurity

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14
Q

acqusition of another state’s territory by force

A

annexation
- may be legitimized by international bodies

(different from succession where it is sold via treaty)

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15
Q

African Union

A

AU
formed in 2002
- replaced the ORganization of African Unity

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16
Q

Marxist owners of capital

A

Bourgeoise

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17
Q

Bourgeoise

A

Marxist owners of capital
- those who own the means of production exploit those who sell their labor for a wage (proletariat)

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18
Q

who are the heroes of Marxism

A

laborers- proletariat
capital owners - bourgeoise

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19
Q

Bretton Woods System

A

fixed exchange rate system

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20
Q

weak state between two larger ones

A

Buffer State

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21
Q

Abrahamic Accords

A

Israel & USE
USA/Trump mediated
2020
- first normalization of relations between Israel and neighboring Arab states since mid-1990s

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22
Q

sovereignty

A

idea that a state has teh right to control what occurs within its own borders

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23
Q

states have the right to control what happens within their own borders

A

soverignty

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24
Q

single person has supreme/absolute pwoer

A

autocray

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25
Carter Doctrine
1977-81 - pledge to employ military forces to defend American interests in teh Persian Gulf - to deter the Soviets from seeking hegemony in a region of strategic importance to Washington
26
Communism
common ownership of the means of production - state-centric economic system of common ownership - social cohesion/communal norms should take higher priority over the rights of the individual
27
which president did containment
Truman
28
prevent the spread fo Cold War Communism
Containment (Truman)
29
Cultural Flattening
process where information, commodities, and images produced in one part of hte world enter the global village - associated with homogenizing monocultural set of Western values that tend to undermine cultural differences
30
class conflict
Marxism Bourgeioise versus proliteriate
31
both party consents to an exchange of territorty
sucession - e.g Louisiana Purchase
32
3 factors in capitalism
economic market forces private ownership minimal state intervention
33
weak states align with stronger ones
Bandwagoning - occurs when the weaker state decides the costs of opposing the stronger power exceeds the benefits
34
"what the law ought to be" versus "what the law is"
what the law ougth to be = de lege ferenda what the law is = de lege lata
35
commercial peace theory
the perspective that the spread of capitalism creates a more peaceful global system. - there is a clear economic incentive for states to avoid warfare
36
CNN factor
"something must be done" mindset - media compels decision makers to intervene in order to address a particular issue
37
individual who favors peace to resolve a dispute individidual who favors war
dove versus hawk - dove is a peace signal
38
ERga Omnes
principles upon which legislation is applicable towards everyone regardless of social background
39
dominant group manipulates another
exploitation
40
4 Freedoms
per FDR speech, religious worship from want and fear * formed the basis of the Unviersal Declaration of Human Rights
41
basis for the Universal Declaration of Human RIghts
FDR's 4 Freedoms speech religous freedom from want and fear
42
Fundamentalism
ideological doctrine which demands total obedience from memebrs
43
G4
4 countries who campaign for a permament seat on UN Security Council Germany Japan Brazil India
44
G20
international forum of the most advanced ecnomies in teh world - EU, IMF, World bank aim: address issues surrounding global financial stability
45
aim of G20 summit
address issues surrounding global financial stability
46
inability to take united/decisive action against an organization
gridlock
47
country with considerable influence within international relations
Great Power
48
Idealism
belief that states can trust the positive intentions of each other - states are rational actors who recognize the benefits of mutual cooperation
49
state that is dominant in every domain of international relations
hyperpower
50
extending power/dominion over territories via acqusition
imperlaism
51
prosecutes war criminals
International Criminal Tribunals
52
Institutional Peace Theory
establishment of international institutions help foster peace and stability by fostering a habit of cooperation between states
53
how many judges are on the International Court of Justice
panel of 25 judges - needs support from UN Security Council to enact decisions
54
ideological differences between capitalism and communism
Bamboo curtain
55
non-refoulement
principle within international law that prevents a country receiving asylum seekers then returning them to their coutnry of orgin if they would be in danger of prosecution
56
Montreal Protocol
international treaty in 1987 aimed at protecting the Ozone layer
57
global spread of nucelar weapons
nuclear proliferation
58
why do states want to become nuclear capable
b/c joining the nuclear club enables them to become a great power & possession gives political benefits like deterrence
59
Paris Agreement
UN agreement in 2015 that seeks to limit greenhouse gases. no enforcement mechanism
60
Positivism
built on the assumption that social sciences should replicate the methodology employed within the natural sciences - that would let knowledge be verified on a scientific and casual basis
61
scenario where the government has no control and no group has replaced them
power vaccuum - insurgents, extremists...may seek to fill the void of a gailed state
62
Bush stance on terrorism
Bush administratino said we could take military action against threats of terrorism (e.g. preemptive strikes) - preemptive strike was a defense against a perceived future therat - used as justification for war in Afghanistan and Iraq
63
Realpolitik
system of policies/principles based on practical considerations - "pursuit of pragmatic policies"
64
soft power
use of persuasion (rather than force) in order to exert influence over other actors, convincing the other states to want the sme ends as one's own state
65
smart power
combination of coercion and persuasion in order to promote the national interest - most effective strategies in foreign policy necessitate coercion and persuasion
66
Stimson Doctrine
nonregnition of states created as a result of military aggression
67
one person has absolute power in a government
autocracy
68
what type of government is a dictatorship
autocracy
69
what is often superimposed within a dictatorship
cult of personality
70
autarky
self-sufficiency in economics
71
Balkanisation
term used to describe the division of a country into a series of smaller ones. often hostility to each other
72
AUKUS
Australia, UK, US core: pledge to help Australia build at least 8 nuclear POWERED (not nuke armed) attack submarines
73
benefits of nuclear powered submarines
can stay underwater for longer than conventional ones

ULTIMATE Military Compilation (28 decks)

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