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ULTIMATE Military Compilation > International Relations > Flashcards

International Relations Flashcards

1
Q

polarity

A

how power is distributed within the international system
- unipolarity, bipolarity, multipolarity (+3 center sof power)

system is completely dependent on the distribution of power and influence of states in a region/globally

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2
Q

shatter belt

A

geopolitical term
- strategically positioned and oriented regions on a political map that are deeply internally divided and encompassed in the competition between the great powers in geostrategic areas and spheres

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3
Q

2 states engaging in brinksmanship even though ideally one state should yield to another

A

chicken game

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4
Q

collective action problem

A

situation where uncoordinated action for each state will not result in the best outcome for either state

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5
Q

democratic peace treaty

A

theory that democratic states will not normally engage war on each other

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6
Q

Realism

A

international relations theory based on the premise that states will act rationally to maximize their power which inevitably leads to conflict

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7
Q

chain ganging

A

group of alliances that requires all memebrs to declare war against the attacking party

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8
Q

tendency of states to refuse to address a growing threat in hopes other states will

A

buck passing

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9
Q

sanction

A

state prohibits their citizens from trading with/traveling to a target country in order to punish it or deter it w/o use of military force

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10
Q

Balkanization

A

fragmentation of a larger state/region into smaller regions/states which may be hostile to each other
- caused by differenes in ethnicity, culture, religion, past greviences
- often used by voices who prefer the status quo to underscore the dangers of runaway secessionism

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11
Q

security dilemma

A

situation in international relations where a state decision to increase its security by expanding its military causes others to do the same to promote their security interests too.
_ vicous cycle

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12
Q

type of government that combines democratic and dictatorial frameworks

A

Anocracy

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13
Q

Arms Race

A

situation where nations increase their military expenditure due to a shared distrust
- creates a spiral of insecurity

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14
Q

acqusition of another state’s territory by force

A

annexation
- may be legitimized by international bodies

(different from succession where it is sold via treaty)

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15
Q

African Union

A

AU
formed in 2002
- replaced the ORganization of African Unity

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16
Q

Marxist owners of capital

A

Bourgeoise

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17
Q

Bourgeoise

A

Marxist owners of capital
- those who own the means of production exploit those who sell their labor for a wage (proletariat)

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18
Q

who are the heroes of Marxism

A

laborers- proletariat
capital owners - bourgeoise

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19
Q

Bretton Woods System

A

fixed exchange rate system

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20
Q

weak state between two larger ones

A

Buffer State

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21
Q

Abrahamic Accords

A

Israel & USE
USA/Trump mediated
2020
- first normalization of relations between Israel and neighboring Arab states since mid-1990s

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22
Q

sovereignty

A

idea that a state has teh right to control what occurs within its own borders

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23
Q

states have the right to control what happens within their own borders

A

soverignty

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24
Q

single person has supreme/absolute pwoer

A

autocray

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25
Q

Carter Doctrine

A

1977-81
- pledge to employ military forces to defend American interests in teh Persian Gulf
- to deter the Soviets from seeking hegemony in a region of strategic importance to Washington

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26
Q

Communism

A

common ownership of the means of production
- state-centric economic system of common ownership
- social cohesion/communal norms should take higher priority over the rights of the individual

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27
Q

which president did containment

A

Truman

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28
Q

prevent the spread fo Cold War Communism

A

Containment
(Truman)

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29
Q

Cultural Flattening

A

process where information, commodities, and images produced in one part of hte world enter the global village
- associated with homogenizing monocultural set of Western values that tend to undermine cultural differences

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30
Q

class conflict

A

Marxism
Bourgeioise versus proliteriate

31
Q

both party consents to an exchange of territorty

A

sucession
- e.g Louisiana Purchase

32
Q

3 factors in capitalism

A

economic market forces
private ownership
minimal state intervention

33
Q

weak states align with stronger ones

A

Bandwagoning
- occurs when the weaker state decides the costs of opposing the stronger power exceeds the benefits

34
Q

“what the law ought to be”
versus
“what the law is”

A

what the law ougth to be = de lege ferenda

what the law is = de lege lata

35
Q

commercial peace theory

A

the perspective that the spread of capitalism creates a more peaceful global system.
- there is a clear economic incentive for states to avoid warfare

36
Q

CNN factor

A

“something must be done” mindset
- media compels decision makers to intervene in order to address a particular issue

37
Q

individual who favors peace to resolve a dispute
individidual who favors war

A

dove versus hawk
- dove is a peace signal

38
Q

ERga Omnes

A

principles upon which legislation is applicable towards everyone regardless of social background

39
Q

dominant group manipulates another

A

exploitation

40
Q

4 Freedoms

A

per FDR
speech, religious worship
from want and fear

  • formed the basis of the Unviersal Declaration of Human Rights
41
Q

basis for the Universal Declaration of Human RIghts

A

FDR’s 4 Freedoms
speech
religous freedom
from want and fear

42
Q

Fundamentalism

A

ideological doctrine which demands total obedience from memebrs

43
Q

G4

A

4 countries who campaign for a permament seat on UN Security Council
Germany
Japan
Brazil
India

44
Q

G20

A

international forum of the most advanced ecnomies in teh world
- EU, IMF, World bank
aim: address issues surrounding global financial stability

45
Q

aim of G20 summit

A

address issues surrounding global financial stability

46
Q

inability to take united/decisive action against an organization

A

gridlock

47
Q

country with considerable influence within international relations

A

Great Power

48
Q

Idealism

A

belief that states can trust the positive intentions of each other
- states are rational actors who recognize the benefits of mutual cooperation

49
Q

state that is dominant in every domain of international relations

A

hyperpower

50
Q

extending power/dominion over territories via acqusition

A

imperlaism

51
Q

prosecutes war criminals

A

International Criminal Tribunals

52
Q

Institutional Peace Theory

A

establishment of international institutions help foster peace and stability by fostering a habit of cooperation between states

53
Q

how many judges are on the International Court of Justice

A

panel of 25 judges
- needs support from UN Security Council to enact decisions

54
Q

ideological differences between capitalism and communism

A

Bamboo curtain

55
Q

non-refoulement

A

principle within international law that prevents a country receiving asylum seekers then returning them to their coutnry of orgin if they would be in danger of prosecution

56
Q

Montreal Protocol

A

international treaty in 1987 aimed at protecting the Ozone layer

57
Q

global spread of nucelar weapons

A

nuclear proliferation

58
Q

why do states want to become nuclear capable

A

b/c joining the nuclear club enables them to become a great power
&
possession gives political benefits like deterrence

59
Q

Paris Agreement

A

UN agreement in 2015 that seeks to limit greenhouse gases. no enforcement mechanism

60
Q

Positivism

A

built on the assumption that social sciences should replicate the methodology employed within the natural sciences
- that would let knowledge be verified on a scientific and casual basis

61
Q

scenario where the government has no control and no group has replaced them

A

power vaccuum

  • insurgents, extremists…may seek to fill the void of a gailed state
62
Q

Bush stance on terrorism

A

Bush administratino said we could take military action against threats of terrorism (e.g. preemptive strikes)
- preemptive strike was a defense against a perceived future therat
- used as justification for war in Afghanistan and Iraq

63
Q

Realpolitik

A

system of policies/principles based on practical considerations
- “pursuit of pragmatic policies”

64
Q

soft power

A

use of persuasion (rather than force) in order to exert influence over other actors, convincing the other states to want the sme ends as one’s own state

65
Q

smart power

A

combination of coercion and persuasion in order to promote the national interest
- most effective strategies in foreign policy necessitate coercion and persuasion

66
Q

Stimson Doctrine

A

nonregnition of states created as a result of military aggression

67
Q

one person has absolute power in a government

A

autocracy

68
Q

what type of government is a dictatorship

A

autocracy

69
Q

what is often superimposed within a dictatorship

A

cult of personality

70
Q

autarky

A

self-sufficiency in economics

71
Q

Balkanisation

A

term used to describe the division of a country into a series of smaller ones. often hostility to each other

72
Q

AUKUS

A

Australia, UK, US
core: pledge to help Australia build at least 8 nuclear POWERED (not nuke armed) attack submarines

73
Q

benefits of nuclear powered submarines

A

can stay underwater for longer than conventional ones

ULTIMATE Military Compilation (29 decks)

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