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Geography > •Urban 4 > Flashcards

•Urban 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lifestyle influences on waste?

A

Urban areas will produce more waste than rural

Rural waste is more organic whereas urban is more manufactured

Processed foods have more packaging

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2
Q

How do economic characteristics influence waste

A

Richer people produce more weight

More developed countries more waste (2.1kg pp per day)

Developing countries tend to have less formal systems of waste disposal

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3
Q

How do people’s attitudes affect waste?

A

Developed countries are part of the throw away culture

Health concerns mean people throw away slightly out of date food

Some people have better attitudes to the environment e.g reuse and recycle

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4
Q

Environmental impact of unregulated dumping

A

Damage ecosystems

Harm animals and birds if swallowed or get tangled

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5
Q

Environmental impact of recycling

A

Separate collections

New processing facilities

Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution

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6
Q

Environmental impact of incineration

A

Emits greenhouse gases and air pollution

Toxic chemicals

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7
Q

Environmental impact of landfill

A

Can contaminate groundwater

Decomposing causes pollution

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8
Q

Environmental impact of submergence

A

Illegal

Toxic and radioactive substances

Damages ocean eco-systems

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9
Q

Environmental impact of trade

A

Damages local environments

Heavy metals can pollute groundwater

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10
Q

What is the definition of sustainable development?

A

Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources

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11
Q

What is the ecological footprint of major urban areas?

A

If everyone lived the lifestyle of the average American, we would need 5 planets

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12
Q

What was stated in the world wildlife fund: living planet report 2000?

A

Total global consumption of natural resources has risen by 50% since 1970

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13
Q

What is going to happen to the population?

A

It could increase by 2.2 billion people in 2030 with 2.1 of them living in cities

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14
Q

What is the definition of ecological footprint?

A

The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

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15
Q

Which areas within individual countries will have the biggest ecological footprint?

A

Capital cities

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16
Q

How can you make employment sustainable?

A

Good range of employment opportunities from both secondary and tertiary employment

Workplaces and living spaces are close together

Major employers are located on key transport toyed or hubs to allow easy access

17
Q

How can shopping and service functions be sustainable?

A

A thriving heart of the urban area- vibrant

High order functions are central and accessible

Low order functions are found within all neighbourhoods

18
Q

How can housing be made sustainable?

A

Environmentally efficient housing (low energy)

Mixture of types and tenure

High density to keep compact

Urban villages with community functions

Encourage housing in the CBD

19
Q

How can you make transport sustainable?

A

Integrated public transport

Good range of environmentally friendly systems e.g trams and buses

Cheaper, more convenient and more efficient ways than cars e.g bikes

Make it more accessible for disabled people

20
Q

How can the environment be made more sustainable?

A

Parks and green spaces in towns are accessible

Indoor and outdoor leisure activities

Safe play areas

Recycle rubbish

Provisions for allotments

Take measures to balance run-off

21
Q

How can planning be made more sustainable?

A

Containment is made by green belt policy keeping area compact

Brownfield land is redeveloped and re-used

Open space within the town is maintained and enhanced

Public participate fully in planning decisions

22
Q

Air pollution in 10 major cities around the world (ppm)

A

Karachi- 120

Cairo- 78

Beijing- 57

Mumbai- 43

Mexico City- 24

Moscow- 21

Rome- 20

Sau Paulo- 19

London- 16

Montreal- 10

Geography (16 decks)

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