•Urban 4 Flashcards
What are lifestyle influences on waste?
Urban areas will produce more waste than rural
Rural waste is more organic whereas urban is more manufactured
Processed foods have more packaging
How do economic characteristics influence waste
Richer people produce more weight
More developed countries more waste (2.1kg pp per day)
Developing countries tend to have less formal systems of waste disposal
How do people’s attitudes affect waste?
Developed countries are part of the throw away culture
Health concerns mean people throw away slightly out of date food
Some people have better attitudes to the environment e.g reuse and recycle
Environmental impact of unregulated dumping
Damage ecosystems
Harm animals and birds if swallowed or get tangled
Environmental impact of recycling
Separate collections
New processing facilities
Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution
Environmental impact of incineration
Emits greenhouse gases and air pollution
Toxic chemicals
Environmental impact of landfill
Can contaminate groundwater
Decomposing causes pollution
Environmental impact of submergence
Illegal
Toxic and radioactive substances
Damages ocean eco-systems
Environmental impact of trade
Damages local environments
Heavy metals can pollute groundwater
What is the definition of sustainable development?
Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources
What is the ecological footprint of major urban areas?
If everyone lived the lifestyle of the average American, we would need 5 planets
What was stated in the world wildlife fund: living planet report 2000?
Total global consumption of natural resources has risen by 50% since 1970
What is going to happen to the population?
It could increase by 2.2 billion people in 2030 with 2.1 of them living in cities
What is the definition of ecological footprint?
The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
Which areas within individual countries will have the biggest ecological footprint?
Capital cities
How can you make employment sustainable?
Good range of employment opportunities from both secondary and tertiary employment
Workplaces and living spaces are close together
Major employers are located on key transport toyed or hubs to allow easy access
How can shopping and service functions be sustainable?
A thriving heart of the urban area- vibrant
High order functions are central and accessible
Low order functions are found within all neighbourhoods
How can housing be made sustainable?
Environmentally efficient housing (low energy)
Mixture of types and tenure
High density to keep compact
Urban villages with community functions
Encourage housing in the CBD
How can you make transport sustainable?
Integrated public transport
Good range of environmentally friendly systems e.g trams and buses
Cheaper, more convenient and more efficient ways than cars e.g bikes
Make it more accessible for disabled people
How can the environment be made more sustainable?
Parks and green spaces in towns are accessible
Indoor and outdoor leisure activities
Safe play areas
Recycle rubbish
Provisions for allotments
Take measures to balance run-off
How can planning be made more sustainable?
Containment is made by green belt policy keeping area compact
Brownfield land is redeveloped and re-used
Open space within the town is maintained and enhanced
Public participate fully in planning decisions
Air pollution in 10 major cities around the world (ppm)
Karachi- 120
Cairo- 78
Beijing- 57
Mumbai- 43
Mexico City- 24
Moscow- 21
Rome- 20
Sau Paulo- 19
London- 16
Montreal- 10
