•Coasts 5 Flashcards
Where is Barton on sea?
On the south coast of England in Hampshire. It is found in Christchurch Bay just east of Highcliffe.
What way is the prevailing wind coming from at Barton on sea
The south west
What is the coast at Barton on sea like?
The coastline between Hengistbury Head and Hurst Castle spit is a large bay stretching for 12km
It is a sand beach with Hurst Castle spit at the end
What are the land uses at Barton on sea?
Large buildings- Barton Cliff house and Barton court
Protected by sea defences
Car parks 0.2km inland
Large residential housing estate and holiday village and gold course
Clay exposure with fossil tropical shells
Why will the rocks at Barton on sea increase the risk of erosion?
Clay has many weaknesses
Why are the beaches at Barton on sea narrow?
Longshore drift is occurring moving sediment to the east to the spit.
The coastline to the west has groynes to stop New sediment moving to the beach
The process of weathering, mass movement and cliff collapse
Gradually lengthening crack some distance back from the edge of a cliff
Wedge frayed by the crack sinks down slip plane approx. 300mm per day
Hydraulic pressure nasal instability additional mass
Broken ground moves seaward over the clay
Marine erosion at the base instability in clays removal of debris
What are the arguments for the management of Barton of sea?
Arguments for-
Economic value of the cliffs like businesses, hotels and houses
Difficult to rehome the people there
Arguments against-
Cliffs are eroding too quick
Existing sea defences have not been successful
Highcliffe defences
Rock Groynes
Successful in reducing erosion
Cliffs not being attacked
Chewton Bunny defences
Regarded and channelised
Unsuccessful as washed away in a storm
Naish Farm defences
Vegetation, rock armour, gentle slope and managed retreat
Rock fall and Erosion still occurring
Barton on sea town defences
Drainage pipes
Unsuccessful as slumping still occurs
Hordle cliff golf course defences
Beach nourishment defences
Material held in place and no longshore drift
Hurst Castle spit defences
Dredging and replenishment
Creates interruption
Population in Bangladesh
80% live on less than US$2 a day
Coastline is home to 50 million people
What are the three main coastal regions of Bangladesh?
Chittagong- East (before relief steepens inland)
The central area inland where major rivers can be found
Low-lying western plain with some dense mangrove forests
Tropical storms in Bangladesh
1970- Cyclone Bhola killed 300,000 people killed with a storm surge of 10.6m
1991- 150,000 killed in cyclone
2007- Cyclone Sidr killed at least 4,000 in 2007 and caused damage of over US$450 million. 1/4 of mangrove forests were destroyed by storm surge and strong winds
Cyclone Sidr
Wind speeds of 240km/hr
1.5 million people made homeless
Category 4 cyclone
How were impacts of cyclone Sidr reduced?
Support of USA and EU
Cyclone Preparedness Programme
Tracked the cyclone to allow for the evacuation of 1 million people
1800 cyclone shelters provided refuge for people
Short term aid was provided for 40,000 people
World bank sent US$250 million in aid
What land uses are found on the coast of Bangladesh?
Agriculture (rice farming) Fishing (shrimp farming) Salt farming Industry (textiles, pharmaceuticals) Tourism Settlement and infrastructural development
Why is agriculture big in Bangladesh?
Fertile alluvial soil deposited within the freshwater estuarine environment with excellent all year round conditions
Why is fishing big in Bangladesh?
445,000 tonnes of fish were harvested in 2003
There has been increasing demand globally
Why is industry big in Bangladesh?
Flat expansive land with good access to shipping routes and large supplies of cheap labour
Few if any regulations on pollution
Dump waste into sea
Conflicts at the coast in Bangladesh
Shrimp farming conflict with traditional farming- shrimp farming causes fresh water to become saline which prevents production of rice and pollutes drinking water which conflicts with locals
ICZM in Bangladesh
Introduced in 2005
-sustainable economic development in a safe and secure environment
What is the Priority Investment Programme (PIP)
Measures to protect and safeguard the population against natural hazards
Protection of the natural environment together with its regeneration where it has suffered deterioration
Management of freshwater resources to protect and sustain their provision
Improving livelihoods and economic prospects along sustainable paths
Development of the tourism and fishing sectors of the economy
Improving infrastructure and social provision such as health nutrition, sanitation and education
Cyclone storm surge shelters
Serve 27% of the coastal population
Multi-storey constructions
Storm refuge, community centre
Killas
1500 raised mounds
Help livestock and people
Not enough for the scale needed
Embankments
123 barrier dams as part of coastal embankment project to project farmland
Reduce flow of tidal water
Deterioration of farmland, forestry and fisheries
Mangroves
A semi- trophy cal species of tree that grows in shallow water with roots that rise above the surface
Absorb wave energy
Over the last few decades over 148,000 hectares of mangrove afforestation has been promoted
