•Coasts 5

Question 1

Where is Barton on sea?

Answer 1

On the south coast of England in Hampshire. It is found in Christchurch Bay just east of Highcliffe.

Question 2

What way is the prevailing wind coming from at Barton on sea

Answer 2

The south west

Question 3

What is the coast at Barton on sea like?

Answer 3

The coastline between Hengistbury Head and Hurst Castle spit is a large bay stretching for 12km

It is a sand beach with Hurst Castle spit at the end

Question 4

What are the land uses at Barton on sea?

Answer 4

Large buildings- Barton Cliff house and Barton court

Protected by sea defences

Car parks 0.2km inland

Large residential housing estate and holiday village and gold course

Clay exposure with fossil tropical shells

Question 5

Why will the rocks at Barton on sea increase the risk of erosion?

Answer 5

Clay has many weaknesses

Question 6

Why are the beaches at Barton on sea narrow?

Answer 6

Longshore drift is occurring moving sediment to the east to the spit.

The coastline to the west has groynes to stop New sediment moving to the beach

Question 7

The process of weathering, mass movement and cliff collapse

Answer 7

Gradually lengthening crack some distance back from the edge of a cliff

Wedge frayed by the crack sinks down slip plane approx. 300mm per day

Hydraulic pressure nasal instability additional mass

Broken ground moves seaward over the clay

Marine erosion at the base instability in clays removal of debris

Question 8

What are the arguments for the management of Barton of sea?

Answer 8

Arguments for-

Economic value of the cliffs like businesses, hotels and houses

Difficult to rehome the people there

Arguments against-

Cliffs are eroding too quick

Existing sea defences have not been successful

Question 9

Highcliffe defences

Answer 9

Rock Groynes

Successful in reducing erosion

Cliffs not being attacked

Question 10

Chewton Bunny defences

Answer 10

Regarded and channelised

Unsuccessful as washed away in a storm

Question 11

Naish Farm defences

Answer 11

Vegetation, rock armour, gentle slope and managed retreat

Rock fall and Erosion still occurring

Question 12

Barton on sea town defences

Answer 12

Drainage pipes

Unsuccessful as slumping still occurs

Question 13

Hordle cliff golf course defences

Answer 13

Beach nourishment defences

Material held in place and no longshore drift

Question 14

Hurst Castle spit defences

Answer 14

Dredging and replenishment

Creates interruption

Question 15

Population in Bangladesh

Answer 15

80% live on less than US$2 a day

Coastline is home to 50 million people

Question 16

What are the three main coastal regions of Bangladesh?

Answer 16

Chittagong- East (before relief steepens inland)

The central area inland where major rivers can be found

Low-lying western plain with some dense mangrove forests

Question 17

Tropical storms in Bangladesh

Answer 17

1970- Cyclone Bhola killed 300,000 people killed with a storm surge of 10.6m

1991- 150,000 killed in cyclone

2007- Cyclone Sidr killed at least 4,000 in 2007 and caused damage of over US$450 million. 1/4 of mangrove forests were destroyed by storm surge and strong winds

Question 18

Cyclone Sidr

Answer 18

Wind speeds of 240km/hr
1.5 million people made homeless
Category 4 cyclone

Question 19

How were impacts of cyclone Sidr reduced?

Answer 19

Support of USA and EU
Cyclone Preparedness Programme

Tracked the cyclone to allow for the evacuation of 1 million people
1800 cyclone shelters provided refuge for people
Short term aid was provided for 40,000 people
World bank sent US$250 million in aid

Question 20

What land uses are found on the coast of Bangladesh?

Answer 20

Agriculture (rice farming)
Fishing (shrimp farming)
Salt farming 
Industry (textiles, pharmaceuticals)
Tourism
Settlement and infrastructural development

Question 21

Why is agriculture big in Bangladesh?

Answer 21

Fertile alluvial soil deposited within the freshwater estuarine environment with excellent all year round conditions

Question 22

Why is fishing big in Bangladesh?

Answer 22

445,000 tonnes of fish were harvested in 2003

There has been increasing demand globally

Question 23

Why is industry big in Bangladesh?

Answer 23

Flat expansive land with good access to shipping routes and large supplies of cheap labour

Few if any regulations on pollution
Dump waste into sea

Question 24

Conflicts at the coast in Bangladesh

Answer 24

Shrimp farming conflict with traditional farming- shrimp farming causes fresh water to become saline which prevents production of rice and pollutes drinking water which conflicts with locals

Question 25

ICZM in Bangladesh

Answer 25

Introduced in 2005

-sustainable economic development in a safe and secure environment

Question 26

What is the Priority Investment Programme (PIP)

Answer 26

Measures to protect and safeguard the population against natural hazards

Protection of the natural environment together with its regeneration where it has suffered deterioration

Management of freshwater resources to protect and sustain their provision

Improving livelihoods and economic prospects along sustainable paths

Development of the tourism and fishing sectors of the economy

Improving infrastructure and social provision such as health nutrition, sanitation and education

Question 27

Cyclone storm surge shelters

Answer 27

Serve 27% of the coastal population

Multi-storey constructions

Storm refuge, community centre

Question 28

Killas

Answer 28

1500 raised mounds

Help livestock and people

Not enough for the scale needed

Question 29

Embankments

Answer 29

123 barrier dams as part of coastal embankment project to project farmland

Reduce flow of tidal water

Deterioration of farmland, forestry and fisheries

Question 30

Mangroves

Answer 30

A semi- trophy cal species of tree that grows in shallow water with roots that rise above the surface

Absorb wave energy

Over the last few decades over 148,000 hectares of mangrove afforestation has been promoted