•Urban 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of economic inequality?
The difference between the living standards, incomes e.c.t across the whole economic distribution
What is the definition of social segregation?
When groups of people live apart from large populations due to factors such as wealth, ethnicity, religion or age
What is the definition of cultural diversity?
The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society
Where would a university student most likely live?
In a flat or terraced house
In the inner city
Private rented
Where would a migrant from India (ethnic minority) most likely live?
In a flat or terraced house
In the inner city
Private rented
Where would a high income family of five with two cars most likely live?
In a detached house
In the outer suburbs
Owner occupied
Where would a low income family of four with no car most likely live?
In a terraced house
In the inner city or inner suburbs
In council housing or private rented
Where would a retired pensioner, becoming infirm, on low income most likely live?
In a flat
In the inner city
In council housing or private rented
Where would a young married couple, medium income, one car, just left university most likely live?
In semi-detached
In inner suburbs
Private rented/ owner occupied
Where would a single parent on a low income most likely live?
In a flat or terraced house
Live anywhere
In a council house or private rented
Where would an active pensioner couple, just retired, with good pensions most likely live?
In semi- detached house
In the suburbs
Owner occupied
What does housing stock mean?
When you get certain areas of distinctive housing types e.g. larger new detached housing in the suburb compared to old terraced housing in the centre.
What is filtering?
Separation of housing stock
What are the types of tenure and where are they commonly found?
Private rented- centre
Owner occupied- suburbs
Council- anywhere
What is created by social exclusion due to income?
Ghetto
What is gentrification ?
When more affluent people move into older housing closer to the centre and create improvements
What is life-cycle housing?
As a person moves through their life their housing need will change e.g younger students live in flats then move to bigger houses as they start families
What factors create segregation of ethnic groups?
Family ties
Sense of community
Threats
Force
Taxation strategy
Redistribute wealth from more prosperous to less prosperous groups
Subsidies strategy
Giving subsidies to poorer families such as free school meals, clothing allowances and help with university fees
Retired people may get money for fuel and transiting
Benefits
Planning strategy
Government, charities and housing agencies give priority to upgrade housing and services in poorer areas e.g in slums
Law strategy
Legislation exists in MEDCs which outlaws discrimination on ethnic, gender and age to give opportunities to all groups
Education strategy
Government provides funding for training and upgrading skills in order to raise skill levels and improve qualifications and employment prospects
What is the name for the process of the cycle of urban decline?
Cumulative Causation
Negative Spiral
What are the 5 main causes of social segregation in LEDCs?
1) government distributing money unfairly
2) immigrants move to the area but there isn’t enough affordable housing (rural-urban migration)
3) people working informal jobs
4) people squatting and forming illegal shanty towns/squatter settlements
5) no planning and structure of towns
What are solutions for inequality in LEDCs?
Better planning Taxation Create jobs for employment Improve living standards Invest money in services Self-help housing
