•Urban 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of economic inequality?

A

The difference between the living standards, incomes e.c.t across the whole economic distribution

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2
Q

What is the definition of social segregation?

A

When groups of people live apart from large populations due to factors such as wealth, ethnicity, religion or age

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3
Q

What is the definition of cultural diversity?

A

The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society

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4
Q

Where would a university student most likely live?

A

In a flat or terraced house

In the inner city

Private rented

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5
Q

Where would a migrant from India (ethnic minority) most likely live?

A

In a flat or terraced house

In the inner city

Private rented

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6
Q

Where would a high income family of five with two cars most likely live?

A

In a detached house

In the outer suburbs

Owner occupied

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7
Q

Where would a low income family of four with no car most likely live?

A

In a terraced house

In the inner city or inner suburbs

In council housing or private rented

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8
Q

Where would a retired pensioner, becoming infirm, on low income most likely live?

A

In a flat

In the inner city

In council housing or private rented

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9
Q

Where would a young married couple, medium income, one car, just left university most likely live?

A

In semi-detached

In inner suburbs

Private rented/ owner occupied

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10
Q

Where would a single parent on a low income most likely live?

A

In a flat or terraced house

Live anywhere

In a council house or private rented

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11
Q

Where would an active pensioner couple, just retired, with good pensions most likely live?

A

In semi- detached house

In the suburbs

Owner occupied

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12
Q

What does housing stock mean?

A

When you get certain areas of distinctive housing types e.g. larger new detached housing in the suburb compared to old terraced housing in the centre.

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13
Q

What is filtering?

A

Separation of housing stock

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14
Q

What are the types of tenure and where are they commonly found?

A

Private rented- centre

Owner occupied- suburbs

Council- anywhere

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15
Q

What is created by social exclusion due to income?

A

Ghetto

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16
Q

What is gentrification ?

A

When more affluent people move into older housing closer to the centre and create improvements

17
Q

What is life-cycle housing?

A

As a person moves through their life their housing need will change e.g younger students live in flats then move to bigger houses as they start families

18
Q

What factors create segregation of ethnic groups?

A

Family ties
Sense of community
Threats
Force

19
Q

Taxation strategy

A

Redistribute wealth from more prosperous to less prosperous groups

20
Q

Subsidies strategy

A

Giving subsidies to poorer families such as free school meals, clothing allowances and help with university fees

Retired people may get money for fuel and transiting

Benefits

21
Q

Planning strategy

A

Government, charities and housing agencies give priority to upgrade housing and services in poorer areas e.g in slums

22
Q

Law strategy

A

Legislation exists in MEDCs which outlaws discrimination on ethnic, gender and age to give opportunities to all groups

23
Q

Education strategy

A

Government provides funding for training and upgrading skills in order to raise skill levels and improve qualifications and employment prospects

24
Q

What is the name for the process of the cycle of urban decline?

A

Cumulative Causation

Negative Spiral

25
Q

What are the 5 main causes of social segregation in LEDCs?

A

1) government distributing money unfairly
2) immigrants move to the area but there isn’t enough affordable housing (rural-urban migration)
3) people working informal jobs
4) people squatting and forming illegal shanty towns/squatter settlements
5) no planning and structure of towns

26
Q

What are solutions for inequality in LEDCs?

A
Better planning 
Taxation 
Create jobs for employment 
Improve living standards 
Invest money in services 
Self-help housing