Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > •Urban 3 > Flashcards

•Urban 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What are a range of climate variables?

A 
Pressure (millibars)
Humidity (%)
Precipitation- type/ amount (mm)
Atmospheric conditions- pollution 
Wind - speed/ direction 
Temperature- max/ min
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does air quality vary in urban and rural areas?

A

Poorer in urban areas as pollution from vehicles and industry in particular Diesel engines will release particulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does temperature vary in urban and rural areas?

A

Urban temperatures are higher

Buildings and people give off heat
Big difference in winter due to central heating
CBDs have cafes and kitchens that release heat via vents
Especially at 7-10pm as outside colder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Urban heat island effect

A

Urban areas are warmer than the surrounding countryside

An average 2-4 degrees higher in urban areas

Lower winds due to building height and urban surface roughness

Urban pollution and photochemical smog can trap outgoing radiant energy

Burning fossil fuels for domestic and commercial use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Precipitation

A

Higher rainfall in urban areas
Higher temperatures encourage low pressures
UHIE generates convection= ground heated = rapid evapotranspiration = cumulus clouds
High rise buildings created air turbulence
City pollution causes an increase in cloud formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fogs and thunderstorms

A

Particles encourage fog under high pressure
Cities undergoing industrialisation have higher fog levels
Thunderstorms develop on hot and humid air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wind

A

Buildings have frictional drag on the air and change speed

Turbulence caused by various building heights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Air quality

A

Poorer in urban area

Combustion of fossil fuels form vehicles and industry

Varies with time of year

Smoke and fog = smog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

Water is uptaken into the water treatment plant before if is cleaned and transported

It’s then distributed to houses, factories etc.

It will then go to the sewers where it will be treated, recycled and placed back into the source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drainage basin inputs

A

Precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drainage basin stores

A 
Interception 
Surface storage 
Soil storage
Channel storage 
Groundwater storage 
Vegetation storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drainage basin transfers

A 
Throughflow/ stemflow
Surface run-off
Infiltration 
Throughflow 
Percolation 
Groundwater/ baseflow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Drainage basin outputs

A

River run-off
Evaporation
Transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is peak precipitation?

A

When rainfall reaches its highest level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is rising limb?

A

When throughflow reaches the river and creates a rapid increase in discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is falling limb?

A

When discharge decreases and it is released slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is discharge?

A

The amount of water originating as precipitation which reached the channel by surface run-off, throughflow and baseflow

18
Q

What is Bankfull discharge?

A

Occurs when a river’s water reaches the top of its channel. Any further increase will result in flooding

19
Q

What is lag time?

A

The period between maximum precipitation and peak discharge

20
Q

What is baseflow/ groundwater flow?

A

Maintains the river’s flow during periods of low precipitation. Through rocks & soil deep down. Slow down transfer of water

21
Q

What is flashy?

A

A short lag time

22
Q

What is peaky?

A

A higher peak discharge

23
Q

Who designs and implements the SUDS?

A

The Floods and Waters Management Act 2010 (FMWA)

24
Q

What do SUDS aim to achieve ?

A 
Reduce damage from flooding 
Improve water quality 
Project and improve the environment 
Protect health and safety
Ensure stability and durability of drainage
25
Q

What is SUDS?

A

Sustainable urban drainage systems

26
Q

What are the 4 key criteria of SUDS?

A

Quantity
Quality
Amenity
Biodiversity

27
Q

Why are SUDS sustainable?

A

They manage runoff volumes and flow rates

They protect or enhance water quality

They are sympathetic to the environment

Provide a habitat for the wildlife

Encourage natural groundwater recharge

28
Q

Integrate with public spaces (SUDS)

A

Create multi-functional use areas and provide amenity

Incorporated into traffic calming and parking areas (on street and car parks)

29
Q

Manage rainfall at source (SUDS)

A

Surface run off should be captured as close to where it falls as possible

30
Q

Mimic natural drainage (SUDS)

A

Designed to match natural drainage routes, infiltration rates and discharges as far as possible

31
Q

Design for water scarcity (SUDS)

A

Incorporating rainwater/ grey water re-use facilities

32
Q

Enhance biodiversity (SUDS)

A

Consideration for landscape and biodiversity

33
Q

Link to wider landscape (SUDS)

A

Blue and green infrastructure should be considered

Fit with local landscape and topography

34
Q

Design to be maintainable (SUDS)

A

Outset maintenance requirements reflected in design

35
Q

Have regards to historic environment

A

Should be complementary to the heritage of the area

36
Q

Show attention to detail (SUDS)

A

Ensured that they function as intended

37
Q

Rain garden

A

Soil storage

Increase lag time

38
Q

Green roof

A 
Surface storage 
Reduces surface run-off 
Slows lag time 
Slows lag time 
Transpiration 
Vegetation storage
39
Q

Regional wetland

A

Surface storage

Wildlife (vegetation)

40
Q

Swale

A

Artificial channel

Extra channel storage

Geography (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions