•Coast Case Studies Flashcards
Old Harry
Cliff/ Headland
Cave
Arch
Wave-Cut botch
Stack
Canada’s Bay of Fundy
Highest Tidal Range
Majorca
Low tidal range
Stair hole, Dorset
Fault and fold
Change in angle of dip influencing the rate of erosion
Isle of Purbeck
South coast is concordant
Same rock- purbeck limestone
Prevailing wind caused erosion- high energy- lulworth cove
East coast is discordant
Bays and headlands like Swanage Bay (sand and clay) and Durlston Head
Low energy- depositional coast
Differential erosion
Lulworth cove
Horse-shoe shaped bay on isle of purbeck
River swollen by melt water flowed overland to sea
River cut a valley which created weaknesses and erosion occurred
Formed a pan shaped inlet
Coven enlarged and eroded greensand rock
Chesil beach
Tombolo
Classic sediment
Cherbourg peninsula
At the headland, refraction is created.
Holderness coast
Retreating at 2mm per year
Coastal flooding and erosion
Strong winds and soft rock
Kimmeridge, Dorset
Wave cut platform
Headland
Cliff
Etretat, Normandy, France
Bay Headland Cliff Stack Arch
Dover, Kent
Cliff
Wave cut platform
Santa Cruz Island, California
Cave
Baja, California, Mexico
Arch
Stack
Algarve coast, Portugal
Stack
Cape code, Massachusetts, USA
Sand dunes
Sand dunes
Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA
Barrier Island
Chesil beach, Dorset
Tombolo
Offshore bar, NY
Bar
Champagne Bay, Vanuatu
Sand Beach
Farewell Spit, New Zealand
Spit
Salt marsh
Dawlish Warren
Spit
Chesil beach, Dorset
Tombolo
Lagoon - The fleet
Some suggest it formed because of sea level change instead of longshore drift
Tombolo di Orbetello, Italy
Tombolo
2 tombolos join an island to the mainland of Rome
North Carolina
Barrier Island
Suffolk County, Long Island, NY
Offshore Bars
Lagoons
Baymouth Bar
Slapton sands, Devon
Offshore Bars
Lagoons
Baymouth Bar
Outer Hebrides, Scotland
Barrier Island
Kent
Cuspate foreland
Barton on sea
Input:
Cliff erosion- 0.75 to 1.2 m per year
Silty material from rivers and streams
Tidal currents carry sand around Hengistbury Head and enters Christchurch Bay
Output:
Material moved to Hurst Castle Spit and Offshore Banks
East to west movement from Shingles Bank
Undertows that scour beach of material
The Solva, Pembrokeshire, Wales
Rias
The Sundarbans, Bangladesh
Salt marsh and Mudflats
Used as a defence for low lying Bangladesh
Morfa Harlech, Wales
Sand Dunes
Dunes of Flanders, France
Sand dunes
The Norwegian Coast
Fjord
The Dalmatian Coast, Croatia
Dalmatian
Gruinard Bay, Sutherland, Scotland
Raised Beach
St Govan’s Head, Pembrokeshire, South West Wales
Marine Platform
The Netherlands
Low lying land
Belgium
85% of the coastline is considered artificial due to management strategies and infrastructure
Mappleton & Great Cowden, North Sea, East Yorkshire
Became protected by the council in the 1990s
Hold the line
Protected the road
Unattractive
Issues for later coastline
Canvey Island
1m above sea level Tides can be 2m higher than this 6m high sea wall Densely populated Oil storage facility Existing sea defences are effective Sea level changes are causing concern
Thames estuary
Sinking at 1.5mm/yr
2100 estimated to be 12cm lower than today
Sea levels rise by 3mm per year
40,000 people vulnerable
Solution: Community havens being introduced onto higher land Introduced escape and refuge plans Multi-storey buildings Managed retreat Safe havens Access shelters Adaptation in community Mitigation
Chichester Harbour
Open system
