Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Question 1

Name some of the side effects of antibiotics in children.

Answer 1

Diarrhoea
Oral thrush
Nappy rash
Allergic reaction
Multi resistance

Question 2

What % of all admissions of children in Scotland are due to URTI?

Answer 2

More than a third so 33.3333333333333333333333333333333333333etc% hehe

Question 3

What is one symptom common of URTI?

Answer 3

Fever

Question 4

What are three things you might advise a child who is ill but not at their worst?

Answer 4

Paracetamol for fever
Sugary fluids
Time

Question 5

If you don’t know what stage a child is into their illness, what can you do?

Answer 5

Review them
Give advice for what do do and advise that if they get worse, get back in touch

Question 6

When do we tend to get URTI?

Answer 6

Winter months

Question 7

Where does rhinitis affect?

Answer 7

Nasal mucosa

Question 8

What is otitis media?

Answer 8

Infection of the middle ear

Question 9

What should you see in a normal, healthy ear?

Answer 9

Slightly transparent membrane, light reflection

Question 10

What do you see in otitis media?

Answer 10

Ear is very red, drum of ear is bulging

Question 11

What type of infection is otitis media?

Answer 11

Primary viral infection to start with- like rhinovirus
Secondary infection overgrowth w pneumococcus or haemophilus.

Question 12

What may happen to the eardrum in those with otitis media?

Answer 12

Eardrum may rupture

Question 13

Do antibiotics help with otitis media?

Answer 13

Usually not

->slight decrease in time taken to recover in those w antibiotics but not significant and they get diahorrea etc as side effects

Question 14

What is the predominant symptom is otitis media>

Answer 14

Pain

Question 15

As pain is the predominant symptom, what treatment should be offered?

Answer 15

Analgesia’s (pain relief)

Question 16

What is the difference between Tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

Answer 16

Both sore throat
Tonsillitis if tonsils affected
Pharyngitis if throat is affected

Question 17

Children who have strep. throat often have what else?

Answer 17

Scarlett fever

Question 18

Can you treat strep throat w antibitocis?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

How can you differentiate between tonsillitis/pharyngitis in a clinical setting?

Answer 19

Swab test

However, results take 48 hrs to come back

Question 20

What is croup caused by?

Answer 20

Caused by para flu

Question 21

What are some of the symptoms of croup?

Answer 21

A barking cough and stridor

Question 22

What is epiglottitis caused by?

Answer 22

Haemophilus influenza

Question 23

Why is epiglottitis rare?

Answer 23

Caused by Haemophilus influenza which we are vaccinated against

Question 24

What is the treatment for croup?

Answer 24

Dexamethasone

Question 25

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

Answer 25

Intubation and antibiotics

Question 26

What happens in epiglottitis?

Answer 26

Swelling of your epiglottis causing difficulty to breathe as airways are narrowed. Swallowing is difficult as oesophagus closes