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Year 1- Respiratory > Respiratory Physiology- introduction > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology- introduction Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the respiratory system.

A

Gas exchange
Communication
Protection from infection
Acid-base balance

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2
Q

Explain simply what is meant by gas exchange.

A

Oxygen added to the blood from the air and carbon dioxide removed from the body into the air.

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3
Q

What is maintained by the respiratory system?

A

Oxygen homeostasis.

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4
Q

What can help to trap dust in mucus to keep it away from the lungs?

A

Cillia

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5
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Prevents bacteria from joining to the epethelium.

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6
Q

When breathing, what goes in/out?

A

Oxygen in
Carbon dioxide out

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7
Q

The integration of which two systems is essential for the transformation of food/oxygen to chemical energy?

A

Integration of respiratory system and cardiovascular system.

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8
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

-Cellular/internal respiration
-External respiration

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9
Q

Where does gas exchange 1 take place?

A

Between the atmosphere and the lungs

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10
Q

Where does gas exchange 2 take place?

A

Between the lungs and the blood.

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11
Q

Where does gas exchange 3 take place?

A

Between the blood and the cells.

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12
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Movement of gases between the air and cells of the body.

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13
Q

Which two systems are important in external respiration?

A

-Respiratory System
-Cardiovascular System

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14
Q

Name the two types of circulation.

A

Systemic and Pulmonary

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15
Q

Describe the function of the pulmonary circulation/

A

Delivers CO2 to the lungs and collects oxygen from the lungs.

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16
Q

Describe the function of the systemic circulation.

A

Delivers oxygen to the tissues and collects CO2.

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17
Q

Where does the pulmonary circulation take place?

A

Between the heart and lungs.

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18
Q

Describe the blood carried by systemic arteries.

A

Rich w oxygen

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19
Q

Describe the blood carried by pulmonary arteries.

A

Deoxygenated blood

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20
Q

Describe the blood carried by systemic veins.

A

Deoxygenated

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21
Q

Describe the blood carried by pulmonary veins.

A

Oxygenated blood.

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22
Q

What is the oxygen exchanged between blood and cells used to power?

A

Cellular respiration to produce ATP.

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23
Q

Describe how the respiratory and CVS work together during exercise.

A

RS- rate and depth of breathing speeds up-> oxygen acquisition and disposal of CO2.

CVS- heart rate and force of contraction increases -> delivery of oxygen to muscle from blood. Waste removal via blood.

24
Q

In a steady state, what is the net volume for gas exchange?

A

250ml/min of oxygen is exchanged for 200ml/min of carbon dioxide.

25
Q

What is the respiration rate at rest?

A

12-18 breaths/ min.

26
Q

What is the maximum breathing rate of exercising adults?

A

40-45 breaths/min.

27
Q

At which levels are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged?

A

At the level of the lungs and at the level of the peripheral tissue.

28
Q

What is the most superior part of the respiratory system?

A

The nose

29
Q

Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

A

Abdominal and thorassic.

30
Q

What prevents food from going down the respiratory tract?

A

Epiglottis.

31
Q

What point separates the lower and upper respiratory tracts?

A

Larnyx

32
Q

What does the larynx contain?

A

Vocal chords

33
Q

How does air move from the trachea to the lungs?

A

Via the right and left bronchi.

34
Q

What supports the trachea?

A

Rings of cartilidge.

35
Q

What makes up the upper resp. system?

A

Mouth, nose, pharnyx, larnyx.

36
Q

What makes up the lower resp. system?

A

Trachea, bronchus and lungs.

37
Q

What is the lower resp. system enclosed by?

A

The thorax.

38
Q

How many bronchi does the trachea branch in to?

A

2

39
Q

What is meant by patency?

A

The maintenance of the airways staying open allowing air to flow more easily.

40
Q

Name one anatomical difference between bronchi and bronchioles.

A

Bronchioles are smaller and do not contain cartilage in their walls.
Bronchi contain cartilage in their walls.

41
Q

At what level does gas exchange take place?

A

At the level of the alveoli.

42
Q

Which bronchi tend to be bigger?

A

Right primary bronchi

43
Q

What does contraction do to diameter?

A

Decreases diameter

44
Q

What does decreased diameter mean in terms of resistance?

A

Increased resistance.

45
Q

What does relaxation do the diamtere?

A

Increases diameter

46
Q

The trachea has the widest diameter.
Alveoli have the smallest diameter.

Describe resistance in both.

A

Higher resistance in trachea.
Lower resistance in alveoli.

This is because there is only one trachea and millions of alveoli so alveoli have a wider diameter overall.

47
Q

How can the airway diameter be altered?

A

By contraction or relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle.

48
Q

As you move lower down the respiratory system, what happens to airway diameter?

A

Decreases

->trachea is much wider than bronchioles.

49
Q

What wraps around alveoli and hence allows gas exchange to take place?

A

Capillaries

50
Q

What do elastic fibres allow to happen in the alveoli?

A

Allows contraction when breathing out and expansion when breathing

51
Q

Why is gas exchange only possible at alveoli?

A

Very thin surface

52
Q

Define anatomical dead space.

A

Air in the airways which does not contribute to gas exchange as the walls of the airway are too thick.

53
Q

What does the conducting zone of the airways consist of?

A

Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles

54
Q

What does the respiratory zone of the airways consist of?

A

Alveoli and airways leading to the alveoli

55
Q

How much air can each lung store?

A

3L in each so 6L overall

56
Q

What is the surface area of alveoli?

A

80m squared

Year 1- Respiratory (36 decks)

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