Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1- Respiratory > Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Flashcards

1
Q

List some common bacterial ‘infections’ which are common in health.

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name two bacteria which are not common in health and what they cause/.

A

Pertussis - whooping cough
Mycobacterium - tuberculosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List some viruses which cause LRTI.

A

RSV
Parainfluenza III
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the principles of management in children with LRTI’s?

A

Make a diagnosis (easy)
Assess the patient (easy)->oxygenation, hydration, nutrition

To treat or not to treat (grey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tracheitis?

A

Infection of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name some symptoms of children with tracheitis.

A

‘Croup which didn’t get better’

-Barking cough
-Fever
-Feeling sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the tracheitis caused by?

A

Staph or strep over colonisation of the airways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for tracheitis?

A

Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is bronchitis charcaterized?

A

Child very well, parent very worried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Infection of the inside of the airways
Endobronchial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough started with URTI
Post-tussive vomit - “glut” -> vomiting after coughing for a long period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s the mechanism of bacterial bronchitis?

A

Disturbed mucociliary clearance-> cilia don’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long can bacterial bronchitis last for?

A

Up to four weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe briefly the cycle of bacterial bronchitis.

A

Continuous cycle through winter- 4 or 5 cycles.
Child’s first winter- bad
Second- better
Third-fine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the management for persistent bacterial bronchitis?

A
  1. Make the diagnosis
  2. Reassure
  3. Do not treat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Infection of the smaller airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How common is bronchiolitis?

A

Very common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which forms of viruses/bronchiolitis may an infant get soon after being born?

A

Usually RSV (respiratory sensitive virus), others include paraflu III, HMPV

19
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

Nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea, poor feeding
Crackles and sometimes wheeze in chest

20
Q

How many days after the start of bronchiolitis does the child stabilise?

A

Five days

21
Q

How long does the child remain at this stabilised worst period?

A

Two days

22
Q

At what age does bronchiolitis occur?

A

<12months

23
Q

Is bronchiolitis recurrent or one off?

A

One off

24
Q

What is the management of bronchiolitis?

A

Maximum observation
Minimum intervention

25
Q

What investigations take place for a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis?

A

NPA (nasal pharyngeal aspirin) to identify virus
Oxygen saturation

26
Q

Name some medication which can help bronchiolitis.

A

Hehe none

…wait not hehe that makes me sound mean

27
Q

If there is a wheeze in someone presenting w a LRTI, what kind of infection is it unlikely to be?

A

Bacterial

28
Q

Name some characterisations of LRTI’s.

A

48 hrs, fever (>38.5oC), SOB, cough, grunting

29
Q

What symptoms are common in pneumonia?

btw, if they have these symptoms, you are allowed to call it pneumonia. If they don’t, call it URTI as parents get terrified when they hear pneumonia.

A

Signs are focal, ie in one area (LLZ)
Creps
High fever

30
Q

What are the treatment options for children w pneumonia?

A

Nothing if symptoms are mild (always offer to review if things get worse!)
Oral Amoxycillin first line
Oral Macrolide second choice

31
Q

When might you use IV antibiotics/medications?

A

If the child is vomiting

32
Q

Name some advantages of oral medication compared to IV.

A

Shorter hospital stay
Cheaper

33
Q

Name a disadvantage of oral medication compared to IV

A

Child might have a fever for a couple of hours longer

34
Q

What are the differences between LRTI and bronciolitis?

A

LRTI-
In all ages
More rapid onset of symptoms
Fever

Bronchiolitis-
Aged <12 months
3 days before reach peak
Fever rarely >38oC

35
Q

What is the medical term for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

36
Q

Pertussis is still common despite being vaccinated. However, what does the vaccine do?

A

Reduces risk and severity of whooping cough

37
Q

Name some symptoms of pertussis.

A

Coughing fits
Vomiting after coughing fit

38
Q

What condition can be a complication of pneumonia?

A

Empyaema

39
Q

In Empyaema, where does the infection spread?

A

Spreads to the pleural space

40
Q

What may children with Empyaema expereince?

A

Chest pain and feeling generally unwell

41
Q

What is the treatment for Empyaema?

A

Antibiotics with drainage of the fluid

42
Q

What are the three most important things to sort when deciding if to give a child w a LRTI antibiotics or not?

A

Nutrition
Hydration
Oxygenation

43
Q

Which LRTI’s should you give antibiotics to treat?

A

Tracheitis and Empyaema

44
Q

What LRTI may you need to give antibiotics for and when?

A

Pneumonia if two days of fever, cough, focal signs

Year 1- Respiratory (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions