Upper Motor Neuron Conditions

Question 1

Spasticity?

Answer 1

• Velocity dependant increase in tone

- The faster you move the muscle the greater the resistance

Question 2

Rigidity?

Answer 2

Velocity independent increase in tone present throughout the muscle movement
-Usually assoc with lesions of basal ganglia

Question 3

Babinski sign?

Answer 3

Big toe bends up and back and other toes fan out

Question 4

What type of response is babinksi sign?

Answer 4

Extensor plantar response

Question 5

Clonus?

Answer 5

Sequence of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions

Question 6

Fasiculations?

Answer 6

Involuntary twitching of muscles

Question 7

Hypertonia?

Answer 7

Increased muscle tone

Question 8

Hypotonia?

Answer 8

Decreased muscle tone

Question 9

Hyperreflexia?

Answer 9

Over responsive reflexes

Question 10

Hyporeflexia?

Answer 10

Under responsive reflexes

Question 11

Bulbar palsy?

Answer 11

Lower MN lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII

Question 12

Pseudobulbar palsy?

Answer 12

Upper motor neuron lesion of cranial nerves IX, X and XII

Question 13

Upper motor neuron signs?

Answer 13

• Spasticity
• Babinski sign
• Hypertonia
• Hypereflexia
• Clonus

Question 14

Lower motor neurone signs?

Answer 14

Hypotonia
Hyporeflexia
Fasciculations

Question 15

Causes of Upper MN signs?

Answer 15

• Stroke
• Multiple sclerosis
• Cerebral palsy
• Spinal cord injury
• Huntingtons disease
• PLS

Question 16

Causes of Lower MND?

Answer 16

Any kind of peripheral neuropathy

Progressive Muscular Atrophy

Question 17

Cause of mixed upper and lower motor neuron signs?

Answer 17

ALS

-Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis