Ophthalmology relating to Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Occlusion to optic nerve circulation

-Occlusion of short posterior ciliary artery

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2
Q

What can cause anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

GCA
HT
Diabetes

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3
Q

What should be given in GCA?

A

Steroids

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4
Q

What is papilloedema?

A

Bilateral optic disc swelling due to raised ICP

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5
Q

What causes Horner’s syndrome?

A

Lesion in sympathetic pathway

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6
Q

Characteristics of Horner’s?

A

Ptosis (droopy eyelid)
Miosis (Constriction of pupil because symps have aren’t working
Anhidrosis

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7
Q

Most discussed cause of Horner’s?

A

Pancoast tumour

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8
Q

Another term for lateral medullary syndrome?

A

Wallenbergs

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9
Q

What is Wallenbergs?

A

Syndrome caused by ischaemia to lateral part of medulla due to blockage of posterior inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artery

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Wallenbergs?

A

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Vertigo
-Nystagmus
-Loss of pain and temp in limbs and trunk
-Loss of pain and temp in face and corneal reflex
-Horner’s syndrome
Dysphagia/hoarseness

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11
Q

What is Adie’s pupil?

A

Loss of postganglionic PS innervation to risi sphincter and ciliary muscle which causes pupil to dilate

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12
Q

Adie’s pupil usually?

A

Occurs in females and is unilateral

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13
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil?

A

Bilateral irregular and small pupils

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14
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil ______ in response to pilocarpine

A

DONT CONSTRICT

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15
Q

Main causes of Argyll Robertson Pupil?

A

Diabetes

Neurosyphilis

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16
Q

Chiasmic lesions cause?

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

17
Q

Optic tract lesion cause?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

18
Q

Optic radiations cause?

A

Contralateral hemianopias potentially with macular sparing

19
Q

3rd nerve palsy causes?

A

Ptosis and down and out eye
Dilated pupil
Accommodation abnormality

20
Q

Why does 3rd nerve palsy cause down out eye

A

All that is left is abduction for lateral rectus and depression from superior oblique

21
Q

4th nerve palsy cause?

A

Vertical diplopia
Person tends to have an eye elevated and adducted
Most ptnts tend to tilt their head to counteract the double vision

22
Q

Why 4th nerve palsy elevated and adducted?

A

SO causes eye depression and abduction so eye will move opposite

23
Q

6th nerve palsy causes?

A

Horizontal double vision worsened by looking at distant targets

Abnormal eye adduction

24
Q

Most common causes of 6th nerve palsies are?

A

Diabetes
HT
Raised ICP

25
What is benign essential blepharospasm?
Bilateral idiopathic condition characterized by involuntary contraction of orbicularis oculi muscle
26
When does benign essential blepharospasm present?
6th decade of life | Females
27
Management of BEB?
Artificial tears for dry eyes | Botox eye injections