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Charis & Ellie VS Neuro > Peripheral Neuropathies > Flashcards

Peripheral Neuropathies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neuropathy?

A

Any pathological process affecting nerves

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2
Q

Mononeuropathy?

A

Process affecting single nerve

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3
Q

Mononeuritis complex?

A

Process affecting several individual nerves

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4
Q

Polyneuropathy?

A

Diffuse, symmetrical disease, usually commencing peripherally (glove and stocking distribution)

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5
Q

Radiculopathy?

A

Disease affecting nerve roots (dermatomal or myotomal synptoms)

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6
Q

Plexopathy?

A

Disease affecting the brachial or lumbosacral plexus (symptoms in whole limb)

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7
Q

Mononeuropathies due to peripheral nerve compression and or entrapment?

A
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  • Cubital Tunnel syndrome
  • Radial Nerve Compression
  • Common Peroneal Palsy
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8
Q

What is carpal tunnel entrapment?

A

-Median nerve entrapment at the carpal tunnel in the wrist

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9
Q

What conditions are usually associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?

A 
Hypothyroidism
Pregnancy 
RA 
Acromegaly 
Amyloidosis
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10
Q

Presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A 
Numbness
Tingling 
Pain in media nerve 
Symptoms often worse at night 
Wasting of thenar muscles
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11
Q

Management of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Involves splinting
Steroid injections

If persistent can do surgical decompression

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12
Q

What is cubital tunnel entrapment?

A

Ulnar nerve entrapment at the cubital tunnel in the elbow

-Usually due to prolonged or recurrent pressure on the elbow or an elbow fracture

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13
Q

Presentation of cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Clawing of hands
Wasting of interossei muscle

Can be difficult to surgically decompress

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14
Q

What is radial nerve compression?

A

Compression of radial nerve by the humerus

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15
Q

Presentation of radial nerve compression?

A

Wrist drop

Weakness of wrist and finger extension

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16
Q

What is common peroneal palsy?

A

Common peroneal nerve can be compressed against the head of the fibula

17
Q

Presentation of common peroneal palsy

A

Foot drop and weakness of ankle eversion

18
Q

What conditions does mononeuritis occur in?

A
  • DM
  • Leprosy
  • Vasculitis
  • Amyloidosis
  • Malignancy
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • HIV and Hep C
  • Multifocal motor neuropathy
19
Q

Diabetes and neuropathy?

A

-Good glycaemic control is protective

20
Q

What type of neuropathy is immune mediated?

A

Guillan-Barre syndrome

21
Q

What is Guillan-Barre syndrome?

A

Most common acute demyelinating disorder

22
Q

Post infection basis of GBS?

A

Usually campylobacter jejuni

CMV

23
Q

Presentation of GBS?

A
  • Weakness of distal limb muscles and/or distal numbness
  • Weakness and sensory loss progress over days to 6 weeks
  • Loss of tendon reflex almost always occurs
  • Paralysis can progress rapidly
24
Q

Diagnosis of GBS?

A

Confirmed by nerve conduction studies

25
Q

Treatment of GB syndrome?

A

IV Immunoglobulin given within first 2 weeks reduces duration and severity of paralysis

26
Q

General presentation of peripheral neuropathies?

A

-Depends on type of nerve affected, more than one nerve affected can have combo of symptoms

27
Q

Presentation of larger motor peripheral neuropathies?

A
  • Weakness, unsteadiness and muscle wasting
  • Reduced power
  • Absent reflexes
  • Normal sensation
28
Q

Large fibre sensory peripheral neuropathy presentation?

A
  • Numbness, paraesthesia, unsteadiness
  • Normal power
  • Vibration and proprioception reduced
  • Absent reflexes
29
Q

Presentation of small fibre sensory peripheral neuropathies?

A
  • Pain, dysesthesia
  • Normal power
  • Pin prick sensation and temp reduced
  • Present reflexes
30
Q

Presentation of peripheral neuropathies with autonomic fibres?

A
  • Dizziness (postural hypotension), impotence, N&V
  • Normal power
  • Normal sensation
  • Present reflexes

Charis & Ellie VS Neuro (49 decks)

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