Upper Limb Part 2 Flashcards
What are the sections of the brachial pelux
Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Branches
What is a Root
the nerves
What is a Trunk
superior , middle, inferior
What is a Division
anterior and posterior
What is a Cord
lateral, posterior and medial
What is a branch
these are where the main nn. are coming off
dorsal scapular n.
c5, 4
rhomboid, levator
Long thoracic n
C5, 6, 7
serratus anterior
Suprascapular n
C4,5, 6,
supraspinatus and infaspinatus, should joints
subclavian n.
C4, 5, 6
subclavius and the sternoclaviular joint
Where is the erbs point of the brachial pelxus
the junction of C5 and C6
Lateral pectoral
C5,6,7
pec major
medial pectoral
C8, T1
pect minor, pec major
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
C8, T1
skin of meidla side of arm and proximal forearm
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
C8, T1
skin of medial side of forearm as distal as wrist
Musculocutaneous
C5, 6, 7
coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis, skin of lateral aspet of forearm
Median
Lateral root C6, 7
Medial root C8, T1
muscles of anterior forearm and five intrinsic muscles in thenar half of palm and palmar skin
what is the loop between the lat and medial pec n
this allow them to connect and send info back and forth
Ulnar
C7, 8, T1
flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus ; most intrinsic muscles of hand; skin of hand medial to axial line of digit 4
Upper subscapular
c5
superior portion of subscapularis
lower subscapular
C6
inferior portion of subscapularis and teres major
thoracodorsal
C6, 7, 8
lats
axillary
C5, 6
glenohumeral joints, teres minor and delts; along with skin of superolateral arm
radial
C5-T1
all muscles of posterior campartment of arm and forearm; skin of posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm and dorsum of hand lateral to axial line of digit 4
What is the arm
this extends from the shoulder to elbow
what are the two muscle groups of the arm
- anterior= flexor
- posterior = extension
what is the main action of the arm muscles
movement of the elbow and some action at the genohumeral joint
What is the of the arm
Humerus
what are some ascepts of the Proximal humerus
- anatomcial neck
- surgical neck
- deltoid tuberosity
- radial groove ( fractures may injure radial nerve)
what does the humerus articulate with
scapula ( glenohumeral joint)
radius
ulna
what are some aspects of the distal humerus
- 2 condyles
- epicondyles ( medial and lateral)
- conronoid fossa
- olecranon fossa
what are the 2 condyles of the humerus
- capitulum - articulates with radius
- trochlea- articulates with ulna
where can the coronoid fossa of humerus be found
anterior - receives ulnar coronoid process when elbow is bent
where can the olecranon fossa of humerus be found
posterior- receives ulnar olecranon process when elbow is straight
what pattern does the cutaneous innervation of he upper limbs follow
they follow at developmental pattern.
– the limbs lateral protrusion of the trunk with the 1st digit pointed in the cranail side ( thumb is directed superiorly)
what aspect of the upper limb is innervated by more cranial spinal cord segments?
the lateral aspect is innervated by more cranial spinal cords then the medial
what did keegan and garret make
they made the dermatome of the body that follows the developmental pattern
what cautaneous nerves of the upper limb are innervated by which nerves
the brachial pleux C5-T1 nerves
what nerves go to the shoulder
the cervical plexus
what did foerster develop
they came up with the idea of segmental dermatomal innervation which they came up with by clinical findings
what are the cutaneous nerves of the upper limb
- supraclavicular nerves
- superior lateral cutaneouse nerve of the arm
- inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
- posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
- posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
- lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
- medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
- medial cutaneous nerve of arm
- intercostobrachial nerves
What are the spinal nerves of the supraclavicular nerves
C3, C4
What is the source of the supraclavicular nerves
cervical plexus
What is the course and distribution of the supraclavicular nerves
skin over clavicle, platysma and superolateral aspect of pectoralis major
What are the spinal nerves of the superior lateral cutaneouse nerve of the arm
C5, 6
What is the source of the superior lateral cutaneouse nerve of the arm
terminal branch of axillary nerve
What is the course and distribution of the superior lateral cutaneouse nerve of the arm
skin over lower part of deltoid m and on lateral side of midarm
What are the spinal nerves of the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
C5,6
What is the source of the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
radial nerve or posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
What is the course and distribution of the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
skin over inferolateral aspect of arm
What are the spinal nerves of the posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
C5-8
What is the source of the posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
radial nerve in axilla
What is the course and distribution of the posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
skin on posterior arm as far as colecranon
What are the spinal nerves of the posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
C5-8
What is the source of the posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
radial nerve with inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
What is the course and distribution posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
posterior forearm to wrist
What are the spinal nerves of the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
C6,7
What is the source of the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
musculocutaneous nerve terminal branch
What is the course and distribution lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
skin of anterolateral forearm to wrist
What are the spinal nerves of the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
C8, T1
What is the source of the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
medial cord of brachial plexus in axilla
What is the course and distribution medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
skin of anteromedial aspect to wrist
What are the spinal nerves of the medial cutaneous nerve of arm
C8-T2
What is the source of the medial cutaneous nerve of arm
medial cord of brachial plexus in axilla
What is the course and distribution medial cutaneous nerve of arm
skin of medial aspect of distal arm
What are the spinal nerves of the intercostobrachial nerves
T2
What is the source of the intercostobrachial nerves
second intercostal nerve ( as its lateral cutaneous branch )
What is the course and distribution intercostobrachial nerves
skin of axilla and medial aspect of proximal arm
what is the atypical intercostal nerves
the 2nd and 3rd intercostal nn
Called interobrachial n look at the slide for name
what is so speical about the atypical intercostal n
that the 2nd intercostal lateral cutaneous branch does not divide into anterior and posterior branch. it emerges from intercostal space by piercing intercostal and serratus anterior mm.
what are the anterior muslces of the arm
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
what do all the anterior arm mm. have in common
they are have the musculocutaneous n.
and its distal attachment marks nutrients foramen
what are the posterior muscles of the arm
triceps brachii
anconeus
what does all the posterior arm mm have in common
radial n.
what is the main artery of the arm
brachial artery
where does the brachial artery start
after the axillary a after the inferior border of T. major m
where does the brachail artery end
ends at the cubital fossa sopposite neck of radius
— where it becomes the radial and ulnar aa.
*** could also divide more proximally with the median n running between the radial and ulnar aa. in the arm
what nerves does the brachial artery run with
the median and ulnar n then with just the ulnar n.
what are artery found with brachial plexus
-anterior and posterior circumflex humeral aa and subscapular a
What are the division of the brachial artery
- deep art of the arm
- humeral nutrient a
- ulnar collateral aa
- unnamed muscular branches
- terminates into ulnar and radial aa
what does the deep brachial artery divide into
divides into the middle collateral a and the radial collateral a
where does the humeral nuterient a enter
aroudn the deltoid tuberosity
what does the ulnar collateral aa divide into
- superior ulnar collateral ( runs with ulnar n.)
- inferior ulnar collateral
what are the main superficial veins of the upper limb
- cephalic
- basilic
** both originate from dorsal venous network on dorsum of hand