Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards
what is the movement of the hip joint
- flexion
- extension
- adbuction
- adduction
- medial rotation
- lateral rotatio
- circumduction
what kind of joint is the ball and socket
multiaxial ball and socket synovial joint
what increse the depth of the acetabulum
the acetabular labrum
what is the acetabular labrum
fibrocartilage lip
what part of the acetabulum is weak
the inferior area notch
what is a ligament in the hip joint
transverse acetabular ligament which is a continuation of the labrum
what does the hip capsule do
forms s sleeve that encloses the hip joint and most of the neck of the femur
what is zona orbicularis
annular ligament of the hip
– circular fibuer on the distal capsule encircling femoral neck
what does the zona orbicularis do
helps to stabilize the hip like a buttonhole
what are the three ligaments of the capsule of the hip
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
where can the iliofemoral be found
anteriorly
AIIS to intertrochanteric line
what is the iliofemorals shape
Y shaped
what does the iliofemorals do
prevents hyperextension of the hip joint during standin
where can the pubofemoral be found
infereior and anterior
- superior pubic ramus to medial surface of femoral neck
what does the pubofemoral do
prevents over abduction
where can the ischiofemoral be found
posteriorly
body of ischium to posterior femoral neck
what does the ischiofemoral do
limits extension
what do all of the hip ligaments have in common
all have a spiral course aroudn the neck of the femur that blend in witht he distal parts of the capsul
on the right side what do the hip lig do
spiral clockwise
on the left side what do the hip lig do
spiral counter clockwise
what happens to the lig of the hip when the femur is extended
on each side they become more tightly wrapped aroudn the neck of the femur
what supplies the hip joint with blood
branches of the medial an lateral circumflex femoral artery
** the retinacular is the main supplier of this
what supplies the head of the femur with blood
obturator artery
what are the nerves of the hip joint
femoral n
obturator n
n to quadratus femoris
superior gluteal n
what type of joint is the knee
hinge type snynovial joint
what is the knees 3 articulations
intermediate
lateral and medial - between femoral & tibial condyle
what stabilizees the knee
ligaments and muscles aroudn the knee
what is the primarily movement of the knee
flexion and extension
and some rotation
what does the knee do when leg is fully extended
the knee locks due to the medial rotation of the femur on the tivia
what does the knee joint capsule have
external fibrous layer
- internal synovial membrane
how is the knee enclosed by the capsule
only partially enclosed
what are the side of the capsule like
- anterior- think to allow formation of the suprapatellar bursa
- posterior - the capsule is deficient
- superiorly- the capsule attaches proximal to the condyles of the femur
- inferior- attachment is at the articular margins of the tibial condyles
what is the posterior opening of the knee for
the popliteus tendon
what stengthens the capsule
the 5 extracapsular ligaments
what are the extracapsualr ligaments
- patellar
- fibular collateral
- tibial collateral
- tibial collateral
- obiques popliteal
- arcuate popliteal
what is the patellar ligament
- continuation of the tendon of the quad
- continuous with fibrosis capsule of knee
- patella is in he tendon
- easily felt with leg extended
when are the collateral ligaments taut
when knee is fully extended
what is the fibular collateral ligament
- lateral ligament
where can the FCL of the knee found
lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral surface of the head of he fibula
what does the FCL of the knee do
checks hyperextension
what is the tibial collateral ligament of the knee
medail ligament and is weaker than the fibular one
where can this TCL lig be found on the knee
medial epicondyle fo femur to medial condyle and superior medial surface of tibia
what happens at the midpoint of the TCL lig of the knee
the deep fiers of the ligament ae attached to the medial menisucus
what does the TCL lig do for the knee
checks extension, hyperflexion, lateral rotation
what is the oblique poplitela lig of the knee
expansion of the semimembranosus tendon
what does the oblique poplitela lig of the knee do
strengthens fibrous capsule posterior
check extension
where can the oblique poplitela lig of the knee be found
from posterior medial condyle of the tibia to central part of posterior fibrous capsule fo knee joint
what is the arcuate popliteal lig of the knee
Y shaped lig and spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint
what does the arcuate popliteal lig of the knee do
strenghthens fibrous capsule posterior
may check medial rotation
where can the arcuate popliteal lig of the knee be found
from head of fibula posterior to inter condylar area of tibia and lateral epicondyle of femur posterior
why are there so many bursae in the knee
because most tendons here fun parallel to the bone and pull lenghtwise across the joint
where are bursae normally found
where skin, muscle or tendons rub against bone
what are the bursae on the anterior side
superficial infrapatellar
suprapatellar
prepatellar
deep infrapatellar
what are the bursae in the popleteal region
popliteal bursa
simimembranosus bursa
what is the suprapatellar bursa
extension of the synovial capsule that is above the base of the patella
what does the suprapatellar bursa allow
free movement of quads tendon over distal end of femur
where is the subcutaneous prepatellar busa
between skin and anterior surface of patella
where is the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
between skin and tibial tuberosity
what does the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa allow
skin to glide over tibial tuberosity
where is the deep infrapatellar burs
between patellar ligament and anterior surface of the tbia
what are some ther bursae around the knee
anserine bursa
gastrocnemius bursa
semimebranous bursa
popliteus bursa
where does the popliteus bursa lie
between the tendon of the popliteus m. andn lateral condyle of tibia
what are the cruciate ligament of the knee
acl
pcl
what are the menisci
deepen the articulation
and are shock absorption
- medial
- lateral
what attaches both menisci to the tibia
the coronary ligament
what is the ACL
weaker of the 2 ligs
what does the ACL do
prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyper extension of the knee
look at how to test the ACL and PCL
slide 21
where is the ACL
from anterior intercondylar tibia to medial surface of latera condyle of femur
when is the ACL slack and taut
slack= knee flexed taut= knee fully extended
what is the PCL of the knee
strong of the 2
what does the PCL do
prevents anterior displacement of he femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia.
Tightens during flexion
where is the PCL
from posterior intercondylar tibia to anterior lateral surface medial condyle of femur
what is the medial menisucus shaped as
c shaped and is broader posterio
how does the medial and lateral meniscus connect
by a few fibers called transverse ligament
what makes the medial menisus relatively immobile
peripheral borderr is attached to the capsule and the medial collateral lig
what shape is the lateral meniscus
more circular shaped
what joins the PCL and the lateral minisucs and the medial femoral condlye
posterio meniscofemoral ligament
what is the blood vessel of the knee joint
- femoral a genicular br.
- popliteal a genicular br
- anterior and posterior recurrent br of anteriro tibial recurrent
- circumflex fibular a( br. of ant. OR post. tibial a.)
what are the nerves of the knee joint
articular branches of
- obturator n
- femoral n
- tibial n
- common fibular n
- saphenous n
what is the superior proximal tibiofibular joint
plane type synovial joint
where is the superior proximal tibiofibular joint
between head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
what does the superior proximal tibiofibular joint do
slight gliding movement during dorsiflexion of foot
what doe this joint do for the fibula
presses the lateral malleolus laterally causing movement of the body of the head of the fibula
what ligaments are apart of the superior proximal tibiofibular joint
anterior and posterior tibiofibular fivular ligament
what is the blood supply to the superior proximal tibiofibular joint
inferior lateral genicualr
anteriro tibial recurrent aa
what is the nerves of the superior proximal tibiofibular joint
common fibular n
nerve to popliteus= tibial n
what is the inferior tibiofibular joint
compound fiburous joint
what are parts of the inferior tibiofibular joint
- interosseous membrane
- ant.. and post. tibiofibular ligament
- inferior transverse ligament
what does the inferior tibiofibular joint do
slight movement occurs to accommodate the talus during dorsiflexion of the foot
what is the blood supply of the inferior tibiofibular joint
fibular a
- – perforation branch
- – medial malleolar branches of ant. and post. tibial aa
what are the nerves of the inferior tibiofibular joint
deep fibular n
tibial n
saphenous n
what is the ankle joint
talocrural joint
what type of joint is the talocrural jiont
hinge type of synovial joint
where can the talocrural joint be found
inferior ends of tibia and fibula and the superior part of talus
what movements does the talocrural joint have
uniaxial
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
also some rotation, abduction adduction inversion and eversion WHEN foot is PF
what is the ankle capsuel like
thin ant. and post.
— strong collateral ligaments
what are the ligaments of the ankel joint
medial or deltoid ligament
what are the 4 parts of the medial and deltoid lig
1 anterio tibiotalar
2 posterio tibiotalar
3 tibio calcaneal
4 tibionavicular
what does the medail or deltoid lig do
attach medial malleollus to talus, navicular and calcaneous
what is the lateral ligament of the ankle
3 band that attach lateral malleolus to talus and calcaneous
- anterior and posterior talofibular ligament
- calcaneofibular
what are the blood vessels of the ankle joint
malleolar branches
- – fibular a.
- – anterior and posterior tibial artery
what are the nerves of the ankle joint
tibial
deep fibular n
