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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

what is the vertebral column made up of

A

vertebrae and the IV disc

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2
Q

what is the vertebral arch

A

this is posterior to the vertebral body and consists of two ( right and left) lamina and pedicles

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3
Q

what is a lamina

A

this is between the spinous process and the transverse processes

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4
Q

What is the pedicle

A

between the body and the transverse process

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5
Q

on the C6 what is the anteriro tubercle called

A

carotid tubercles

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6
Q

what is the C7 vertebra called

A

vertebra promines

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7
Q

what is the anulus fibrossu

A

is a bulging fibrous ring consisting of concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage forming the circumference of the IV disc and only the outer 1/3 receives sensory innervation

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8
Q

what is the nucleus pulposus

A

this is the cord of the disc and is semifluid allows for flexibility and resilience of the disc and column

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9
Q

what is a synovial joint

A

2 inferior and superior articular processes

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10
Q

what is symphyses

A

between the disc and bodies

  • secondary cartilagenous joint
  • connect by the anterior and posterior ligaments
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11
Q

what are uncovertebral joints

A

develop between the unci of the bodies ( c3-c7 )

  • they articulate w/ vertebral bodies superior to them
  • ALLOW flexion extension and limits excessive flexion
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12
Q

what are zygapophysial joint

A
  • they are the plane synovial joints that happen between the superior and inferior articular
  • they help prevent adjacent vertbra from slipping
  • and allow gliding
  • can also bare weight
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13
Q

what are the zygapophysial joint inverated by

A

the articular branch of dorsal rami of spine n. that come from the medial branches of the posterior rami that innervate each joint by 2 adjacent joints

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14
Q

what is the atlanto occipital joint

A

the articulations between the superior articular surfaces of the lateral masses fo the c1 and the occipital condyles

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15
Q

what does the atlanto occipital joints allow?

A

permit nodding of the head

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16
Q

what help connect the atlanto occipital joints?

A

Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes! which connect to the anterior and posterior arches of c1 to the ant. and posterior foramen magnum. HELP prevent excessive movement

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17
Q

what are the anterior and posterior membranes of the atlanto occiptial made up of

A 
Ant= broad adn densely woven fibers 
post= broad but weak
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18
Q

what is the atlanto axial joint

A
  • between the c1 and c2

- 3 articlulations ( 2 lateral masses and 1 medial )

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19
Q

what is the tectorial membrane

A

is the strong superior continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament that broadens and passes posterior over the medial atlanto axial joint and its ligament

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20
Q

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

this is a strong broad fibrous band that covers and connect the anterolateral aspect of the vertebral bodies and the IV discs
= extents from the sacrum to the anterior tubercle of the c1 and occipital bone anterior to the foramen magnum
–PREVENTS hyperextension

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21
Q

what is the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

this runs in the within the vertebral canal on the posterior aspect of the bodies from c2 to sacrum

  • -attached to the IV discs
    • PREVENTS hyperflexion
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22
Q

what are the ligamentum flava

A

laminae of adjacent ertebral arches are joined by broad pale yellow bands of elastic tissue.

  • run from the lamina above to the lamina below
    • resist separation of the vertebral lamina by limiting flexion and help keep the back curves
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23
Q

what is the supraspinous ligament

A

connects the tips of the spinous processes form c7 to the sacrum and merge superiorly with the nuchal ligament

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24
Q

what is the interspinous ligament

A

connects adjoining spinous process attaching from the root to the apex of each process

25
Q

what is the ligamentum nuchal

A

this has think fibroelastic tissue extending as a median band from the external occipital protuberance, posterior foramen magnum to thec7

26
Q

what is the intertransverse ligament

A

connecting adjacent transverse process

27
Q

what is the transverse ligament

A

between the 2 laeral masses and helps prevent the dens from moving posteriorly

28
Q

what is the apical ligament

A

from the tip of the dens to anterior side of FM and it merges with the anterior atlantoociipital membrane

29
Q

what is the cruciate ligament

A

there are 3 parts the superior, transverse, inferior
– this is the weaker muslce that moves from the occipital b. to the c2 v. with the transverse lig of the atlas to sepreate it

30
Q

what is the allar ligaments

A

form the dens to FM and preventing excessive rotation

31
Q

what supplies the vertebrae

A

periosteal and equatorial branches of the major artieries, segmental arteries and spinal branches

32
Q

what are periosteal and equatorial branches

A

these arteries that cross the external suface of the vertebra

33
Q

how do spinal branches enter the vertebrae

A

they enter through the IV foramen and divide into anterior and posterior canal

34
Q

what sending nutrient to the vertebrae

A

the anterior canal

35
Q

what is the anterior spinal artery

A

formed by the union of the branches of the vertebral arteries and runs inferiorly

36
Q

what is the posterior apinal artery

A

is a branch of either the vertebral artery or the posteroinferio cerebellar artery

37
Q

what does the spinal cord depend on the most of blood supply

A

the segmental medullary arteries

38
Q

what are the segmental medullary arteries

A

they come from spoinal branches of the ascending cervical, deep cervicl, vertebral, posterior intercostal, lumbar arteries

39
Q

what supplies the spinla nerves and their coverings

A

this is done by the posterior and anterior radicular arteries which run along the nerve roots ( these are on the inside of the IV foramen)

40
Q

what do spinal veins form

A

they form internal and external plexuses

41
Q

what are basivertebral veins

A

they are the veins that form within the vertebral bodies and will drain anteriorly into the plexuses

42
Q

what are the intervertebral veins

A

they receive veins from the spinal cord and vertebral vein plexuses. they run with the spinal nerves out to drain into the vertebral, lumbar, intercostal, lateral sacral veins

43
Q

What are extrinsic back muscles

A
  • superficial
  • intermediate
  • *theses produce and control limb and respiratory movements and are inntervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nn
44
Q

what are intrinsic back muscles

A
  • superficial
  • intermediate
  • deep
    • these act on the vertebral column and are inntervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nn
45
Q

what are the extrinsic superficial back muscles

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus doris
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
46
Q

what are the extrinstic intermediate back muscles

A

serratus posterior inferior and superior

** work as respiratory muscles but they also think it could be proprioceptive

47
Q

what are the intrinsic superficial back muscles

A

splenius - capitis and cervicis

48
Q

what are the intrinsic intermediate back muscles

A

erector spinae ( SLI) muscles

49
Q

What are the subdivision of the iliocostalis

A
  • lumborum- origin to 12th to 7th rib
  • thoracis- last 6 to first 6 ribs
  • cervicis- 6 rib to c4 tp
50
Q

what are the subdivision of the longissimus

A
  • thoracis- origin to ribs
  • cervicis- t6-1 tp to c7 -2 tp
  • capitus- t3-1 tp to mastoid process
51
Q

what are the subdivision of the spinalis

A
  • thoracis- l3-t10 sp to t8-2 sp
  • cervicis- often absent t2-c6 sp to c4-2 sp
  • capitus- insert w/ semispinalis capitis
52
Q

what are the intrinsic deep back muscles

A
  • transversopinal
  • interspinales
  • intertransversarii
  • levatores costarum
53
Q

what is the suboccipital region

A

with in the c1 to c2 and has the joints altanto-occipital and altano-axis

*rectus and oliquus mucles

54
Q

what is the suboccipital triangle

A

the inferior and superior oliquus and rectus capitis major mucles
* this contain the suboccipital n and the vertebral A.

55
Q

what is the subocipital n

A

the c1 dorsal rami works on the suboccipital m.

56
Q

what is the greater occipital n

A

c2 dorsal rami works on the skin over th eneck and occipital bone

57
Q

what is the lesser occiptial n

A

anterior rami of spn of c2-3 works on skin of neck and external ear

58
Q

what is the posterio rami or c3-7

A

works on the intrinsic back m and overlying skin

59
Q

what is the least occipital n.

A

c3 dorsal ram- traps and lower occipital neck

Anatomy (18 decks)

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