Lower Limb Part 2 Flashcards
what does the leg articulate with
condyles of femur superiorly and the talus inferiorly
what is the fibula mainly used for
attachment of muscles and provides stability to ankle joint
what connects the tibia and fibula
by intreosseous membrane
what supports most of the weight of the body of the lower leg
tibia
what is the lower leg
between knne and ankle
how many tarsals bones are there and what are they
7
calcaneous, cuboid, navicular, medial cuniforms, intermediate cuniforms, lateral cuniforms
what are the metatarsal bones
miniature long bones that are numbered 1-5
what does each metatarsal bone have
base
body
head
what does the base of the metatarsla articulate
cuneiforms and cubioid taral bones
what does the head of the metatarsals articualte with
phalanges
what does the 5th metatarsal have
a large tuberosity for attachment of the fivularis brevis tendon
how many phalanges are in each foot
14
2 in the great toe
3 in all of the others
what does each phalanx have
base
body
head
how are the bones in the foot organized
they are not organized in a single plane
what type of arches are in the foot
longitudinal and transverse
what are the compartments of the leg
anterior
lateral
posterior ( superficial and deep )
what actions does the anterior compartment of the leg do
their main actions would be dorsiflexion and extension of toes
what nerve and artery can be found in the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular n
anterior tibial a
what surrounds the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
synovial sheath surrounds the 4 tendons
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius
what is the nerve of the anterior compartment
deep fibular nerve
terminal br. of common fibular n.
what is the artery of the anterior compartment
anterior tibial artery
where did the anterior tibial artery some from
this is a smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery
where can you find the anterior tibial artery
lies anterior to interosseous membrane and runs with deep fibular n
how does the anterior tibial artery enter the foot
enters the foot deep to extensor retinaculum
where does the anterior tibial artery end
ends at the ankle joint where it becoems dorsal artery of foot or also called the dorsalis pedis artery
what are the terminal branches of the popliteal a
anterior and posterior tibial aa.
what is the extensor retinaculum
there is a superior and inferior
what is the superior extensor retinaculum
broad band of deep fascia, from tibia to fibula, proximal to malleoli, binds down the tnedons of anterior compartment
what is the inferior extensor retinaculum
this is a Y shaped band of deep fascia that attaches laterally to calcaneus and forms a loop around the tendon of fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus
what does the lateral compartment do
plantarflex and evert foot
what is the lateral compartment blood supply
no arteyr of lateral compartment
– but gets supplies by perforating branches of tibial and fibular arterys
what is the nerve of the lateral coompartment
superficial fibular nerve
what does the superficial fibular come from
the common fibular n.
what does the superficial fibular n supply
skin on distal part of anterior surface of leg and most of the dorsum of foot and digitis
what is the fibulairs longus and brevis enclosed in
tendons are enclosed in synovial sheath
what is the superficial fibular n a branch of
the common fibular n
where does the superficial fibular n arise
deep to the fibularis longus and brevis
what does the superficial fibular n supply
skin on distal part of anterior surface of leg nearly all of dorsum of foot and digits
what supplies the lateral compartment with blood
by perforating branches of the anterior tibial and fibular aa.
how many compartments are there in the posterior compartment
2
- superficial
- deep
what n and vessles supply both compartments of the posterior comparmtnet
tibial n. and posterior tibial vessels
what muscles are found in the superficial group posterior compartment
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
what muscles are found in the deep group of the posterior compartment
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexo digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
what is the tibial n.
this is the larger branch of the sciatic nerve
what does the tibial n divide into
articulating branches
medial sural cutaneous n.
medial and lateral plantar nerves
where does the medial and lateral planter n divide from the tibail n
posterior and inferior to medial malleolus
what does the articulating branches of the tibial n supply
nerve supply the knee joint and skin of heel
what does the medial sural cutaneous n supply
posterior leg and lateral foot
how does the sural n form
formed by the union of the fibular communicating br. of the lateral sural n and the medial sural n fro tibial n
what does the sural n supply
supplies the skin of the lateral and posterior and inferior 1/3 of leg and lateral side of foot
what is the posterior tibial a
larger branch of popliteal a and the main blood supply to foot
where can the posterior tibial a be found
runs with the tibial n.
what is the fibular a.
largest branch of posterior tibial artery
what does the fibular a supply
muscles in posterior and lateral compartments and nutrient a. to fibula
what can be found on the dorsum
think skin little subcutaneous fat and the hair is sparse
what is usually visible on the dorsum
tendons especially in dorsiflexion
what nerve supplies the skin of the dorsum
superficial fibular n
what can be found on the plantar side
this skin is thin on toes and instep, thick over heel and ball of foot. there is also many sweat glands and subcutaneous fat
what is designed for weight bearing
the sole of the foot was to protect underlying nerves and vessel
what kind of fascia can be found on the foot
fascia is continuous with ankle
–think of dorsum where it is continous with inferior extensor retinaculum
what kind of fascia is on the lateral and posterior aspect of the foot
the deep fascia is continuous with the plantar fascia or deep fascia of the sole
where is the plantar aponeurosis thickended
the central part of the plantar fascia
where is the plantar aponeurosis weaker
think lateral and medial portions
what is the plantar aponeurosis
longitudinal bands of dense fibrous connective tissue
what does the plantar aponeurosis support
longitudinal arches of foot
what does the plantar aponeurosis do for the skin
gives the overlying skin a firm attachment and protects underlying structures
where does the plantar aponeurosis arise
posteriorlly from calcaneous and divides into 5 bands
what divides the sole in to compartments
vertical septa divide the sole into 3 compartments
medial
lateral
centrla
what is in the 1st layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces
abductor hallucis
flexor digitroum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
what is in the 2nd layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
what is in the 3rd layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces
flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis felxor digiti minimi brevis opponenes hallucis opponens digiti minimi
what is in the 4th layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces
plantar interosisei
dorsal interossei
what are the nerves of the foot
tibial nerve ( medial and lateral plantar n )
common fibular n ( deep and superficial fibular n )
sural n
femoral n ( saphenous n)
what does the medial plantar n of the tibial n supply
skin of medial sole side of the 1st 3 and half digits
motor to : abductor halluscis , flexor adigitorum brevis, felxor hallucis …. more slide 44
what does the lateral plantar n of the tibial n supply
superficial and deep branches
skin on sole lateral to 1 and half digits
motor: to muscles of the sole
what does the deep fibular n supply
extensor digitorum brevis and skin on contiguous side of ditis 1 and 2
what does the superficial fibular n supply
skin on dorusm foot and all digitis EXCEPT lateral side 5th and adjoining sides of 1 and 2
what does the sural n supply
skin on lateral foot
what does the saphenous n of the femoral n supply
skin on along the medial side of the foot as far as 1st metatarsal
what are the arteries of the foot
terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
what is the artery of the dorusm of the foot
dorsal pedis artery
where does the dorsal pedis a come form
anterior tibial artery
where does the dorsal pedis begin
midway between malleoli
what does the dorsal pedis divide into
lateral tarsal a
arcuate artery
deep plantar artery
1st dorsal metatarsal aa
what does the lateral tarsal a supply
tarsal bones and joint of the lateral foot
what does the arcuate artery supply
- 2-4 dorsal metaratsal aa ( dorsum of digits and excluding the distal phalnageal segments
- dorsal digital aa
what does the deep plantar artery supply
the toes and including dorsum of distal phalangeal segments
what forms the deep plantar arch
deep plantar artery and the lateral plantar artery
what does the 1st dorsal metataral aa supply
both side of great toe and medial side of 2nd toe
where does the artery of the sole come from
posterior tibial artery
what does the posterior tibial artery divide into
medial and lateral plantar artery
– which run parallel to the similarly named nerves
what does the lateral plantar artery create
the deep plantar arch with the deep plantar artery
what does the deep plantar arch create
plantar metatarsal aa
plantar digital aa
what does the plantar metatarsal aa of the deep plantar arch supply
deep portion of the foot; digits including distal phalangeal segments
for info on the veins of the foot and leg you will need to look at
slides 51 and 52 as there was no info on the sides
SO you should draw this out !!
