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Anatomy > Lower Limb Part 2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the leg articulate with

A

condyles of femur superiorly and the talus inferiorly

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2
Q

what is the fibula mainly used for

A

attachment of muscles and provides stability to ankle joint

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3
Q

what connects the tibia and fibula

A

by intreosseous membrane

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4
Q

what supports most of the weight of the body of the lower leg

A

tibia

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5
Q

what is the lower leg

A

between knne and ankle

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6
Q

how many tarsals bones are there and what are they

A

7

calcaneous, cuboid, navicular, medial cuniforms, intermediate cuniforms, lateral cuniforms

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7
Q

what are the metatarsal bones

A

miniature long bones that are numbered 1-5

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8
Q

what does each metatarsal bone have

A

base
body
head

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9
Q

what does the base of the metatarsla articulate

A

cuneiforms and cubioid taral bones

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10
Q

what does the head of the metatarsals articualte with

A

phalanges

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11
Q

what does the 5th metatarsal have

A

a large tuberosity for attachment of the fivularis brevis tendon

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12
Q

how many phalanges are in each foot

A

14
2 in the great toe
3 in all of the others

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13
Q

what does each phalanx have

A

base
body
head

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14
Q

how are the bones in the foot organized

A

they are not organized in a single plane

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15
Q

what type of arches are in the foot

A

longitudinal and transverse

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16
Q

what are the compartments of the leg

A

anterior
lateral
posterior ( superficial and deep )

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17
Q

what actions does the anterior compartment of the leg do

A

their main actions would be dorsiflexion and extension of toes

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18
Q

what nerve and artery can be found in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular n

anterior tibial a

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19
Q

what surrounds the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

A

synovial sheath surrounds the 4 tendons

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20
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

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21
Q

what is the nerve of the anterior compartment

A

deep fibular nerve

terminal br. of common fibular n.

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22
Q

what is the artery of the anterior compartment

A

anterior tibial artery

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23
Q

where did the anterior tibial artery some from

A

this is a smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery

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24
Q

where can you find the anterior tibial artery

A

lies anterior to interosseous membrane and runs with deep fibular n

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25
Q

how does the anterior tibial artery enter the foot

A

enters the foot deep to extensor retinaculum

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26
Q

where does the anterior tibial artery end

A

ends at the ankle joint where it becoems dorsal artery of foot or also called the dorsalis pedis artery

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27
Q

what are the terminal branches of the popliteal a

A

anterior and posterior tibial aa.

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28
Q

what is the extensor retinaculum

A

there is a superior and inferior

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29
Q

what is the superior extensor retinaculum

A

broad band of deep fascia, from tibia to fibula, proximal to malleoli, binds down the tnedons of anterior compartment

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30
Q

what is the inferior extensor retinaculum

A

this is a Y shaped band of deep fascia that attaches laterally to calcaneus and forms a loop around the tendon of fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus

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31
Q

what does the lateral compartment do

A

plantarflex and evert foot

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32
Q

what is the lateral compartment blood supply

A

no arteyr of lateral compartment

– but gets supplies by perforating branches of tibial and fibular arterys

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33
Q

what is the nerve of the lateral coompartment

A

superficial fibular nerve

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34
Q

what does the superficial fibular come from

A

the common fibular n.

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35
Q

what does the superficial fibular n supply

A

skin on distal part of anterior surface of leg and most of the dorsum of foot and digitis

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36
Q

what is the fibulairs longus and brevis enclosed in

A

tendons are enclosed in synovial sheath

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37
Q

what is the superficial fibular n a branch of

A

the common fibular n

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38
Q

where does the superficial fibular n arise

A

deep to the fibularis longus and brevis

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39
Q

what does the superficial fibular n supply

A

skin on distal part of anterior surface of leg nearly all of dorsum of foot and digits

40
Q

what supplies the lateral compartment with blood

A

by perforating branches of the anterior tibial and fibular aa.

41
Q

how many compartments are there in the posterior compartment

A

2

  • superficial
  • deep
42
Q

what n and vessles supply both compartments of the posterior comparmtnet

A

tibial n. and posterior tibial vessels

43
Q

what muscles are found in the superficial group posterior compartment

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

44
Q

what muscles are found in the deep group of the posterior compartment

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexo digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

45
Q

what is the tibial n.

A

this is the larger branch of the sciatic nerve

46
Q

what does the tibial n divide into

A

articulating branches
medial sural cutaneous n.
medial and lateral plantar nerves

47
Q

where does the medial and lateral planter n divide from the tibail n

A

posterior and inferior to medial malleolus

48
Q

what does the articulating branches of the tibial n supply

A

nerve supply the knee joint and skin of heel

49
Q

what does the medial sural cutaneous n supply

A

posterior leg and lateral foot

50
Q

how does the sural n form

A

formed by the union of the fibular communicating br. of the lateral sural n and the medial sural n fro tibial n

51
Q

what does the sural n supply

A

supplies the skin of the lateral and posterior and inferior 1/3 of leg and lateral side of foot

52
Q

what is the posterior tibial a

A

larger branch of popliteal a and the main blood supply to foot

53
Q

where can the posterior tibial a be found

A

runs with the tibial n.

54
Q

what is the fibular a.

A

largest branch of posterior tibial artery

55
Q

what does the fibular a supply

A

muscles in posterior and lateral compartments and nutrient a. to fibula

56
Q

what can be found on the dorsum

A

think skin little subcutaneous fat and the hair is sparse

57
Q

what is usually visible on the dorsum

A

tendons especially in dorsiflexion

58
Q

what nerve supplies the skin of the dorsum

A

superficial fibular n

59
Q

what can be found on the plantar side

A

this skin is thin on toes and instep, thick over heel and ball of foot. there is also many sweat glands and subcutaneous fat

60
Q

what is designed for weight bearing

A

the sole of the foot was to protect underlying nerves and vessel

61
Q

what kind of fascia can be found on the foot

A

fascia is continuous with ankle

–think of dorsum where it is continous with inferior extensor retinaculum

62
Q

what kind of fascia is on the lateral and posterior aspect of the foot

A

the deep fascia is continuous with the plantar fascia or deep fascia of the sole

63
Q

where is the plantar aponeurosis thickended

A

the central part of the plantar fascia

64
Q

where is the plantar aponeurosis weaker

A

think lateral and medial portions

65
Q

what is the plantar aponeurosis

A

longitudinal bands of dense fibrous connective tissue

66
Q

what does the plantar aponeurosis support

A

longitudinal arches of foot

67
Q

what does the plantar aponeurosis do for the skin

A

gives the overlying skin a firm attachment and protects underlying structures

68
Q

where does the plantar aponeurosis arise

A

posteriorlly from calcaneous and divides into 5 bands

69
Q

what divides the sole in to compartments

A

vertical septa divide the sole into 3 compartments
medial
lateral
centrla

70
Q

what is in the 1st layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces

A

abductor hallucis
flexor digitroum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

71
Q

what is in the 2nd layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces

A

quadratus plantae

lumbricals

72
Q

what is in the 3rd layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces

A 
flexor hallucis brevis 
adductor hallucis 
felxor digiti minimi brevis 
opponenes hallucis 
opponens digiti minimi
73
Q

what is in the 4th layer of muscles on the plantar surfaces

A

plantar interosisei

dorsal interossei

74
Q

what are the nerves of the foot

A

tibial nerve ( medial and lateral plantar n )
common fibular n ( deep and superficial fibular n )
sural n
femoral n ( saphenous n)

75
Q

what does the medial plantar n of the tibial n supply

A

skin of medial sole side of the 1st 3 and half digits

motor to : abductor halluscis , flexor adigitorum brevis, felxor hallucis …. more slide 44

76
Q

what does the lateral plantar n of the tibial n supply

A

superficial and deep branches
skin on sole lateral to 1 and half digits
motor: to muscles of the sole

77
Q

what does the deep fibular n supply

A

extensor digitorum brevis and skin on contiguous side of ditis 1 and 2

78
Q

what does the superficial fibular n supply

A

skin on dorusm foot and all digitis EXCEPT lateral side 5th and adjoining sides of 1 and 2

79
Q

what does the sural n supply

A

skin on lateral foot

80
Q

what does the saphenous n of the femoral n supply

A

skin on along the medial side of the foot as far as 1st metatarsal

81
Q

what are the arteries of the foot

A

terminal branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

82
Q

what is the artery of the dorusm of the foot

A

dorsal pedis artery

83
Q

where does the dorsal pedis a come form

A

anterior tibial artery

84
Q

where does the dorsal pedis begin

A

midway between malleoli

85
Q

what does the dorsal pedis divide into

A

lateral tarsal a
arcuate artery
deep plantar artery
1st dorsal metatarsal aa

86
Q

what does the lateral tarsal a supply

A

tarsal bones and joint of the lateral foot

87
Q

what does the arcuate artery supply

A
  • 2-4 dorsal metaratsal aa ( dorsum of digits and excluding the distal phalnageal segments
  • dorsal digital aa
88
Q

what does the deep plantar artery supply

A

the toes and including dorsum of distal phalangeal segments

89
Q

what forms the deep plantar arch

A

deep plantar artery and the lateral plantar artery

90
Q

what does the 1st dorsal metataral aa supply

A

both side of great toe and medial side of 2nd toe

91
Q

where does the artery of the sole come from

A

posterior tibial artery

92
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery divide into

A

medial and lateral plantar artery

– which run parallel to the similarly named nerves

93
Q

what does the lateral plantar artery create

A

the deep plantar arch with the deep plantar artery

94
Q

what does the deep plantar arch create

A

plantar metatarsal aa

plantar digital aa

95
Q

what does the plantar metatarsal aa of the deep plantar arch supply

A

deep portion of the foot; digits including distal phalangeal segments

96
Q

for info on the veins of the foot and leg you will need to look at

A

slides 51 and 52 as there was no info on the sides

SO you should draw this out !!

Anatomy (18 decks)

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