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MSCT > Upper Limb I > Flashcards

Upper Limb I Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilagenous, synovial

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

permit little or no movement, consist of two bones joined by dense CT, ex: sutures of the skull

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3
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A

permit slight amounts of movement, consist of two bones joined by fibrocartilaginous disks between articular surfaces, ex: intervertebral joints

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4
Q

Synovial joints

A

permit the greatest degree of movement, consist of two bones separated by a CT capsule and associated ligaments, ex: shoulder, knee

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5
Q

Components of a synovial joint

A

Synovial cavity, articular capsule, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, intima, synovial fluid, subintima, extrinsic ligaments, intrinsic ligaments, bones, muscles, tendons

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6
Q

Joints of the shoulder

A

Acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, sternoclavicular joint, and scapulothoracic joint

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7
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Articulation: head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Movements: arm flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation

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8
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Articulation: clavicle and sternum
Movements: relatively immobile, allow for gliding type of motion

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9
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Articulation: clavicle and acromion process
Movements: relatively immobile, allow for a gliding motion

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10
Q

Scapulothoracic “joint”

A

Articulation: anterior surface of scapula and posterior/lateral thoracic wall
Movements: more of a functional joint, scapula elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward, downward

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11
Q

Static stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint

A

Capsule and its associated ligaments

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12
Q

Dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint

A

The muscles of the rotator cuff

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13
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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14
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Movements: initiates and assists with abducting the arm
Nerve: suprascapular nerve

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15
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Movements: external rotation, abduction, adduction of the arm
Nerve: suprascapular

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16
Q

Subscapularis

A

Movements: internal rotation of the arm
Nerves: upper and lower subscapularis nerves

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17
Q

Teres minor

A

Movements: external rotation and adduction of the arm
Nerve: axillary nerve

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18
Q

Ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Glenoid labrum, glenohumeral ligaments

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19
Q

Ligaments of the AC joint

A

Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligaments

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20
Q

Shoulder dislocation

A

Disarticulation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid

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21
Q

Shoulder separation

A

Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion, can be classified as one of three grades (I-III)

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22
Q

Compartments of the arm

A

Anterior and posterior compartments, separated by the medial and lateral intermuscular septum

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23
Q

Anterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Movements: flexion of arm and forearm, supination of the hand
Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply: brachial artery

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24
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Movements: flexion of arm and forearm, supination of hand
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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25
Q

Brachialis

A

Movement: flexion of forearm
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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26
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Movement: flexes arm
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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27
Q

Posterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscle: triceps brachii
Movements: extend the arm and forearm
Nerve: radial nerve
Blood: deep brachial artery

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28
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Movement: extension of arm and forearm
Nerve: radial

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29
Q

Forearm

A

Bones: radius and ulna
Joints: elbow and wrist

30
Q

Elbow joint

A

Articulation: trochlear notch of the ulna with the trochlea of the humerus, and the head of the radius with the capitulum of the humerus
Movements: flexion and extension of the forearm

31
Q

Wrist/radiocarpal joint

A

Articulation: distal radius and proximal carpal bones (scaphoid and lunate)
Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of the hand

32
Q

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

Articulation: radius and ulna
Movements: pronation and supination of the hand

33
Q

Compartments of the forearm

A

Anterior and posterior, separated by the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna and the medial and lateral intermuscular septum

34
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Muscles: pronator teres, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quandratus
Movements: flexion of the wrist and digits, pronation, abduction, adduction of the hand
Nerves: median nerve (for all but flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), ulnar nerve (for the two mentioned before)
Blood: radial and ulnar arteries

35
Q

Posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Muscles: extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and supinator
Movements: extension of the wrist and digits, supination of the hand, extension and abduction of the thumb
Nerve: radial nerve
Blood: radial and ulnar arteries

36
Q

Pronator teres

A

Movement: pronation of the hand
Nerve: median

37
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Movements: flexion and abduction of the hand
Nerve: Median

38
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Movement: flexion and adduction of the hand
Nerve: Ulnar

39
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Movement: flexion of the hand
Nerve: Median

40
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Movements: flexion of hand, MP and PIP joints
Nerve: median

41
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Movement: flexion of thumb
Nerve: median (anterior interosseous)

42
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Movement: flexion of hand, MP, PIP, and DIP joints
Nerve: median (to medial half), ulnar (to ulnar half)

43
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Movement: pronation of hand
Nerve: median

44
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Movement: extension and adduction of hand
Nerve: radial

45
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

A

Movements: extension and abduction of hand
Nerve: radial

46
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Movement: extension of hand and fingers
Nerve: radial

47
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Movement: extension of little finger
Nerve: radial

48
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Movement: extension of index finger
Nerve: radial

49
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Movement: abduction of thumb
Nerve: radial

50
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Movement: extension of thumb
Nerve: radial

51
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Movement: extension of thumb
Nerve: radial

52
Q

Supinator

A

Movement: supination of hand
Nerve: radial

53
Q

Joints of the wrist, hand and digits

A

Radiocarpal joint, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

54
Q

Carpometacarpal joints

A

Articulation: proximal metacarpals and distal carpal bones
Movement: relatively immovable

55
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Articulation: distal metacarpals and proximal phalanx
Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of the digits

56
Q

Proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

A

Articulation: proximal and middle phalanx, and middle and distal phalanx of the 4 fingers
Movement: flexion and extension of middle and distal phalanx

57
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Organized into superficial and deep layers, has both of its attachments in the hand

58
Q

Superficial muscles of the hand

A

Muscles: 3 muscles that form the thenar pad at the base of the thumb (abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis), 3 muscles that form the hypothenar pad at the base of the little finger (abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi), the 4 lumbricals, adductor pollicis
Movements: flexion, opposition and abduction of the thumb, little finger, flexion of the MP joint, extension of the IP joints, adduction of the thumb,
Nerves: ulnar (all except the lateral 2 lumbricals and the 3 thenar muscles), median (previously mentioned muscles)
Blood: branches of radial and ulnar arteries via a superficial palmar arch

59
Q

Deep muscles of the hand

A

Muscles: palmar interossei (3) and dorsal interrossei (4)
Movements: adduction and abduction of the fingers
Nerve: ulnar
Blood: branches of the radial and ulnar arteries via a deep palmar arch

60
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Movement: abduction of the thumb
Nerve: median

61
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Movement: flexion of the thumb
Nerve: median

62
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Movement: opposition of the thumb
Nerve: median

63
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Movement: abducts little finger
Nerve: ulnar

64
Q

Flexor digiti minimi

A

Movement: flexion of the little finger
Nerve: ulnar

65
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Movement: opposition of the little finger
Nerve: ulnar

66
Q

Lateral lumbricals (1-2)

A

Movements: flexion of MP joints, extension of IP joints
Nerve: median

67
Q

Medial lumbricals (3-4)

A

Movements: flexion of MP joint, extension of IP joints
Nerve: ulnar

68
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Movement: adduction of thumb
Nerve: ulnar

69
Q

Palmar interossei

A

Movement: adduction of fingers
Nerve: ulnar

70
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Movement: abduction of the fingers
Nerve: ulnar

71
Q

Organization of the upper limb

A

Shoulder - where the upper limb attaches to the trunk (scapula, clavicle, proximal end of the humerus)
Arm - between shoulder and elbow joint (humerus)
Forearm - between elbow joint and wrist joint (ulna and radius)
Hand and digits - distal to wrist joint (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)

72
Q

Function of the upper limb

A

Position the hand in space for use as a mechanical and sensory tool

MSCT (28 decks)

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