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MSCT > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Common types of cutaneous infections

A

Bacterial, viral, dermatophyte (fungal), treponema (syphilis), arthropod

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2
Q

Langerhans cell function

A

Immune cells of the epidermis responsible for antigen presentation to lymphocytes

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3
Q

Impetigo cause

A

Superficial bacterial infection, usually staph aureus or strep pyogenes

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4
Q

Impetigo location

A

Around mouth or perineum

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5
Q

Impetigo clinical characteristics

A

Crusted, “glazed” eroded papule to plaques, peripheral rim of scale, may be tender or asymptomatic, uncommon but can be bullous

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6
Q

Impetigo treatment

A

Topical or oral antibiotics

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7
Q

Impetigo histology

A

Subcorneal neutrophils and scattered gram-positive cocci

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8
Q

Cellulitis definition

A

Common but potentially serious bacterial skin and soft tissue infection

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9
Q

Cellulitis clinical characteristics

A

Edematous, erythematous, warm, sometimes taut/shiny localized plaque, uncommonly blisters on surface from edema, usually solitary with or without fever and systemic symptoms

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10
Q

Cellulitis initiation

A

May be initiated by skin injury

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11
Q

Cellulitis treatment

A

Systemic antibiotics, rest, elevation

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12
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis definition

A

Rare “flesh-eating bacteria” of the deeper tissue

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13
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis cause

A

Usually anaerobic bacteria or group A strep pyogenes

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14
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis clinical characteristics

A

Crepitus, purple, dusky, necrotic color with or without ulcers and bullae, associated with severe pain and systemic symptoms

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15
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis treatment

A

Emergency surgery, antibiotics

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16
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome cause

A

Epidermolytic-toxin producing staph aureus

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17
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome age affected

A

Infants and younger kids, possibly adults with decreased renal function or that are immunocompromised

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18
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome clinical characteristics

A

Cleavage/split within epidermis, desquamative erythema in body folds, starts as a localized infection and becomes systemic, usually febrile, peeling perioral and body folds, no mucosal involvement

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19
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome treatment

A

Systemic anti-staph antibiotic

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20
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome histology

A

Subcorneal split without neutrophils or bacterial organisms

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21
Q

Herpes simplex virus clinical characteristics

A

Recurrent, painful, tingling vesicles on lips and around mouth, “fever blisters”, “cold sores”, genital erosions

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22
Q

Herpes simplex virus types

A

Two types - 1 more common oral and 2 more common genital

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23
Q

Herpes simplex virus treatment

A

Systemic antiviral if indicated, but recurrence is common

24
Q

Herpes simplex virus histology

A

Cytopathic effect on keratinocytes, margination, multi nucleation, molding

25
Q

Varicella zoster virus clinical characteristics

A

Multiple tender, pruritic, diffuse pink papules or vesicles, disseminated papules and vesicles

26
Q

Varicella zoster virus associated symptoms

A

Systemic symptoms

27
Q

Varicella zoster virus reactivation

A

Zoster or shingles

28
Q

Shingles clinical characteristics

A

Dermatomal distribution of papules, vesicles, and plaques that are itchy and painful

29
Q

Varicella zoster virus histology

A

Inflammatory cells, identical to HSV, cytopathic effect on keratinocytes, margination, multi nucleation, molding

30
Q

Verruca causative agent

A

Human papillomavirus

31
Q

Verruca subtypes

A

Vulgaris (common), palmoplantar (on soles of feet or palms), plana (flat), condyloma acuminate (genital)

32
Q

Verruca vulgaris histology

A

Papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis

33
Q

Verruca treatments

A

Extensive - immunosuppression, not extensive - freezing, chemical destruction, topical immunomodulators or irritants

34
Q

Verruca clinical characteristics

A

Thick warty papules and plaques

35
Q

Molluscum contagiosum clinical characteristics

A

Papule with central umbilication, dome shaped, waxy surface, may be single or multiple, might be pruritic

36
Q

Molluscum contagiosum location

A

Trunk, face, axillae, genital area

37
Q

Molluscum contagiosum spreading

A

Spread by scratching, curdlike core can be expressed from center and spreads virus

38
Q

Molluscum contagiosum causative agent

A

Pox virus

39
Q

Molluscum contagiosum histology

A

Prominent infected keratinocytes with accumulation of Pox virus (aka Henderson-Patterson bodies)

40
Q

Molluscum contagiosum treatment

A

Watchful waiting, curetting after topical anesthetic

41
Q

Tinea causative agent

A

Dermatophyte infection, fungi feed on dead skin (trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton)

42
Q

Tinea diagnosis

A

KOH stain, fungal culture if inconclusive

43
Q

Tinea histology

A

Altered cornified layer with introcorneal neutrophils, special stains can reveal fungal hyphae within cornified layer

44
Q

Tinea subtypes

A

Pedis (athlete’s foot), corporis (ringworm body), manuum (hands), cruris (jock itch groin), capitis (scalp), onychomycosis (nails), versicolor (pityrosporum)

45
Q

Syphilis causative agent

A

Treponema pallidum

46
Q

Syphillis clinical presentation

A

Painless, asymptomatic eruption of scaly papules on hands, feet, and trunk, subjective fevers and mild fatigue

47
Q

Syphillis - primary

A

Solitary or multiple painless genital chancres

48
Q

Syphillis - secondary

A

Rash and condyloma lata, systemic symptoms

49
Q

Syphillis - tertiary

A

Gummas, aortitis, neurosyphilis

50
Q

Syphillis - congenital

A

Stillbirth, acral bull/erosions, rhinitis, rhagades, deafness

51
Q

Syphillis - secondary histology

A

Psoriasiform and lichenoid inflammation with abundant plasma cells

52
Q

Scabies clinical characteristics

A

Very itchy rash, vesicles, papules, “moth-eaten” burrows

53
Q

Scabies causative agents

A

Sarcoptes scabiei, human itch mite female burrows into epidermis and lays eggs

54
Q

Scabies transmission

A

Close skin to skin contact

55
Q

Scabies location

A

Hands, feet, waistline, genitals

56
Q

Scabies treatment

A

Permethrin cream topically

57
Q

Scabies histology

A

Can actually see the mite… EWWWWWW

MSCT (28 decks)

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