Upper Limb Flashcards
Origin, Insertion and Function of Subscapularis
O: Costal margin of the anterior scapular / Entire subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
F: Internal rotation of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Supraspinatous
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of the humerus
-passes under acromion, overlying subacromial bursa
F: Abduction of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Infraspinatous and Teres Minor
O: Infraspinous fossa
Infraspinatous superior to teres minor
I: Greater tubercle of the humerus
F: Internal rotation of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Teres Major
O: Lower lateral border of the scapula
I: Posterior lip of the bicipital groove on the humerus
F: Powerful ADductor of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Coracobrachialis
O: Choracoid process
I: Humerus middle
F: Flexion of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Serratus Anterior
O: Ribs 1-8
-runs underside of scapula
I: Medial border of the scapula
F: Protraction if all of it contracts
Origin, Insertion and Function of Levator Scapulae
O: C1-C3
I: Upper medial corner of the scapula
F: Elevation of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Rhombus
O: C4-T4
I: Medial border of the scapula
F: Elevation and retraction of the shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Trapezius
O Upper Part: Occipit, Nuchal ligaement, T1-T3
I Upper Part: Superior edge of the spine of the scapular, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
F Upper Part: Powerful elevation
O LOWER Part: T4-T12
I LOWER Part: Inferior edge of the spine of the scapular
F LOWER Part: Powerful retraction
Origin, Insertion and Function of Pectoralis Minor
O: Ribs 2-4
I: Coracoid process
F: Depression of the shoulder
2 pointless muscles of the shoulder
Subclavius
1st rib –> Clavicle
Omohyoid
Hyoid –> Upper edge of spine of scapular
Origin, Insertion and Function of Pectoralis Major
O: Medial 1/3 clavical, anterior sternum, anterior ribs 1-6
I: Anterior edge of bicipital groove
F: Powerful ABductor of the shoulder (+internal rotation)
Origin, Insertion and Function of Latissimus Dorsi
O: T7 - sacrum, posterior iliac crest
T7 beneath trapezius
I: Floor of bicipital groove
(tendon must spiral around teres major)
F: Powerful ABductor and depression of shoulder
Origin, Insertion and Function of Deltoid
O: Spine of scapular, acromion and lateral 1/3 clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity on humerus
F
Anterior: Flexion
Posterior: Extension
Lateral: ABduction
Spinal nerves of the upper extremity
C5 - T1
Passing of the subclavian vein in relation to the anterior scalene
Subclavian vein runs anterior to anterior scalene
Subclavian artery runs posterior to anterior scale (along with spinal nerves)
Route of the cephalic vein
Sits in the groove between deltoid and pectorlais major
-No corrosponding artery
Joins subclavian vein
Route of the subclavian vein
Passes beneath pectoralis minor and major
Passes under subclavius and clavicle
Passes over first rib
At medial border of first rib it is joined by internal jugular vein –> brachiocephalic vein
2 x brachiocephalic vein join to make SVC at right of midline
Branches of the subclavian artery
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Course of subclavian artery
Subclavian artery branches off the brachiocephalic trunk
Passes over first rib and over dome of the pleura
Gives off: Internal thoracic artery Thyrocervical trunk Vertebral artery Transverse cervical artery Suprascapular artery
Passes posterior to anterior scalene
Becomes axillary artery
Course of the axillary artery
Passes behind pectoralis minor
Gives off three branches in close proximity
1) Subscapular artery
2) Anterior circumflex humeral artery
3) Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Now becomes brachial artery
Roots of the brachial plexus
Ventral rami of C5 - T1
Trunks of the brachial plexus
Superior trunk formed by C5 and C6 spinal roots
Middle trunk formed by C7 spinal root
Inferior trunk formed by C8 and T1 spinal roots
Cords of the brachial plexus
Each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divions yielding 6 divisions
Lateral cord is formed by union of the two anterior divions from the superior and middle trunks
Medical cord is formed by the single anterior division from the inferior trunk
Posterior cord is formed by union of the 3 posterior divisions from the superior, middle and inferior trunk
Terminal nerves of the brachial plexus
Lateral cord split to form musculocutaneous nerve and upper 1/2 of median nerve
Medial cord splits to form lower 1/2 of medican nerve and entire ulnar nerve
Posterior cord splits to form the axillary nerve and radial nerve
Local nerves of the Cords of the Brachial Plexus
Medial Cord = 1 local nerve
–> Medial pectoral nerve
Lateral Cord = 2 local nerves
- -> Lateral pectoral nerve
- ->Musculocutaneous nerve (technically a terminal nerve)
Posterior Cord = 4 local nerves
–> Axillary nerve, runs around neck of humerus and supplies deltoid and teres minor
–> Upper and lower subscapular nerves, supplies subscapular and teres major
–> Thoracodorsal nerve, supplies latissimus dorsi