Spine

Question 1

Vertebral bodies of the spinal column

Answer 1

7 Cervical

12 Thoracic

5 Lumbar

5 Sacral

Question 2

Magerl and AO Spine Subaxial Classification System

Answer 2

Compartments:
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

If two or more are unstable –> unstable spinal column with cord at risk

Question 3

End of the spinal cord

Answer 3

L1/L2

Variants: T12 - L3

Question 4

Supracristal line

Answer 4

Iliac crest = L4

Question 5

Ligaments of the spine from posterior –> Cord –> anterior

Answer 5

Supraspinous ligament

Continuous with Interspinus ligament

Ligamant flavum

(Dura mater)
(Subarachnoid membrane)
(Subarachnoid space)
(Pia)
(Cord)
(Pia)
(Subarachnoid space)
(Subarachnoid membrane)
(Dura mater)

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Vertebral body

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 6

Paravertebral muscles

Answer 6

Short rotator muscles

Long rotator muscles

Multifidus

Erector spinar muscles

Question 7

Short rotator muscles

Answer 7

O: Originate at transverse process

I: Insert on base of spinous process on vetrebral body immediately above

Oblique

F: –> rotation

Question 8

Long rotator muscles

Answer 8

O: Originate at transverse process

I: Insert on base of spinous process on vetrebral body two above origin

Oblique

F: –> rotation

Question 9

Multifidus

Answer 9

O: Originate at transverse process

I: Insert on base of spinous process on vetrebral body two- four above origin

More vertical vs short and long, overly them both

F: –> rotation

Question 10

Erector Spinae Muscles

Answer 10

O: Originate together

• L1-L5 spinous process
• Sacrum
• Iliac crest

Split into three muscles

• Spinalis
• Longissimus thoracis
• Iliocostalis lumborum

I:
Spinalis: Upper throacic spinous process

Longissimus throacis: Lower 9 ribs and corrosponding trasverse process

Ilocostalis lumborum: Lower 6 ribs more lateral to longissimus thoracis

F: unilateral contraction –> lateral flexion
symmetrical contraction: extension

Question 11

Long muscles of the posterior neck

Answer 11

Splenius

Longissimus

Semispinalis capitis

Question 12

Dural sac tapers at:

Answer 12

S2

Question 13

ASIA Neurological Impairment Scale

Answer 13

A: complete spinal cord injury

B: sensation present, motor absent

C: sensation present, motor present but not useful (MRC grade <3/5)

D: sensation present, motor useful (MRC grade ≥3/5)

E: normal function.

Question 14

Common site for c-spine injury

Answer 14

Cervicothoracic junction

Question 15

Mx of Occipital condyle fracture

Answer 15

Relatively stable injury

Often associated with head injuries

Best treated in a hard collar for 6–8 weeks.