Nerves of the Upper Limb Flashcards
Origins of the brachial plexus
C5-C8 and T1
Dermatome: Upper lateral region of the arm
C5
Dermatome: palmar pad of the thumb
C6
Dermatome: Pad of the index finger
C7
Dermatome: Pad of the little finger
C8
Dermatome: Skin on medial aspect of the elbow
T1
Myotome: Abduction of arm at glenohumeral joint
C5
Myotome: Flexion of the elbow
C6
Myotome: Extension of the elbow
C7
Myotome: Flexion of the fingers
C8
Myotome: Abduction / Adduction of fingers
T1
Spinal nerve tested with biceps reflex
C6
Spinal nerve tested with triceps reflex
C7
Nerve that innervates all of the anterior compartment of the arm
Musculocutaenous nerve
Nerve that innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm except flexor carpi ulnas and medical 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
Median nerve
Innervates intrinsic muscles of hand apart from thenar muscles and lateral two lumbicals
Ulnar nerve
Innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm
Radial nerve
Nerve that innervates the skin on the anterolateral aspect of the forearm
Musculocutaenous nerve
–> Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Nerve that innervates the palmar surface of the lateral 3 and 1/2 digits
Median nerve
Nerve that innervates the palmar surface of the medial one and 1/2 digits
Ulnar nerve
Nerve that supplies the skin of the posterior forearm and elbow
Radial nerve
–>Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Nerve that supplies the dorsolateral surface of the hand
Radial nerve
–> Superficial branch
Nerve that passes around the surgical neck of the humerus
Axillary nerve
Nerve that spirals around the humerus in a groove
Radial nerve
Nerve that passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar nerve
Order of divisions of brachial plexus
5 roots
3 trunks
6 divisions
3 cords
4 nerves
Superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Formed by C5 and C6 spinal roots
Middle trunk of the brachial plexus
Formed by continuation of the C7 spinal root
Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
Formed by C8 and T1 spinal roots
Cords of the brachial plexus
Named in relation to their position to the 2nd part of the axillary artery 3 cords
The posterior cord contains all of the posterior divisions and hence goes on to supply the posterior aspect of the UL
Lateral cord of the brachial plexus
Formed by the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunk
Hence received innervation from the C5, C6 and C7 spinal roots
Posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Formed by all of the posterior divisions, from superior middle and inferior trunks
Hence contains innervation from C5 - T8
Medial cord of the brachial plexus
Formed from the lone anterior division of the inferior trunk
Hence received innervation from C8 and T1
Dorsal scapular nerve
Branch of C5 root of the brachial plexus
Passes posteriorly piercing the middle scalene
–> medial border of scapula
Motor:
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Long thoracic nerve
Originates from anterior rami of C5-C7
Passes vertically down the neck through the axillary inlet
–> down medial wall of the axilla
Motor
Serratus anterior
Nerve branches of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Suprascapular nerve
C5 and C6 (superior trunk)
Motor: supraspinatous, infaspinatous
Subclavius nerve
C5 and C6 (superior trunk)
Motor: subclavius muscle
Suprascapular nerve
Branch of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
C5 and C6 (as it is from the superior trunk)
Passes laterally to the posterior triangle
- -> supra-scapular foramen
- ->enters posterior scapular region
Motor
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Nerve to the subclavius muscle
Branch of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
C5 and C6 (as it is from the superior trunk)
Passes anterioinferiorly over subclavian artery and vein
Motor
Subclavius muscle
Branches of the cords of the brachial plexus
Lateral Cord x1
-Lateral pectoral nerve
Median Cord x3
- Medial pectoral nerve
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Posterior Cord x4
- Superior sub-scapular nerve
- Thoracodorsal nerve
- Inferior sub-scapular nerve
- Axillary nerve
Terminal nerves of the brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous nerve
-Upper 1/2 of Lateral cord
Median nerve
- Bottom 1/2 of lateral cord
- Upper 1/2 of of medial cord
Radial nerve
-Posterior cord
Ulnar nerve
-Bottom 1/2 of medial cord
Cords that produce the Musculocutaneous nerve
Upper 1/2 of lateral cord