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Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the anatomy of the clavicle?

A

S shaped bone only attachment between the upper limb and the axial skeleton.
Contains an acromial facet and a sternal facet
Inferior and laterally possess conoïde tubercle and trapezoid line
Inferior and more medial has a subclavian groove

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the sternoclavicular joint ?

A

Synovial joint with internal cartilaginous disc
Disc located between clavicular notch of manubrium and sternal facet of clavicle
Has 4 ligaments attached: anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, the interclavicular ligaments, and the costoclavicular ligaments

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3
Q

Describe the anatomy of the scapula?

A

Dorsal surface is marked by the spine which terminated at the distal end with the acromion
Lateral border of scapula gives rise centrally to coracoid process

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the acromioclavicular joints?

A

Synovial joint with internal cartilaginous disc
Disc is between the acromial facet of the clavicle and anterior end of the acromion process.
Covered by acromioclavicular ligaments which are the coracoclavicular ligaments and coracoacromial ligaments

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

Consist of 2 ligaments:
Conoid ligament which attach the medial base of the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle
Trapezoid ligament which attach the lateral base of the coracoid process to the trapezoid line

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the coracoacromial ligament ?

A

Does not contact the clavicle
Attaches from acromion to the coracoid process
Form an reinforcing arch over superior surface of the glenohumeral joint

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7
Q

Which are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the supraspinatus?

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Superior facet of the greater tubercle
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Actions: Abduction of the humerus up to 15 degrees

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the Infraspinatus?

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Actions: lateral rotation of humerus

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the teres minor?

A

Origin: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Actions: lateral rotation of humerus

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the subscapularis?

A

Origin:Subscapularis fossa
Insertion:lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Actions: medial rotation and adduction of the humerus

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12
Q

What are the different tests for muscles weakness?

A

Drop arm test for supraspinatus- arm fully extended follow by lowering of arm, with weakness arm will drop around 15 degrees
For infraspinatus and teres minor-abduct shoulder with elbows at 90 degrees, pt pushed arms outwards against resistance

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13
Q

What are the muscles attached to the scapula?

A

Posteriorly: trapezius, levator scapulae, Rhomboids
Anteriorly: serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the pectoralis major?

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum and upper costal cartilages
Insertion: lateral lip of humerus
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Actions: medial rotation, adduction, flexes arm (pat on the back)

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the pectoralis minor?

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Actions: depression, protraction and downward rotation of scapula

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the serratus anterior?

A

Origin: ribs 1-8
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
Actions: main protractor of scapula
Injury to long thoracic nerve causes winged scapula

18
Q

What are the characteristics of the subclavius?

A

Origin:Superior surface of distal tip and costal cartilage of 1st rib
Innervation: nerve to subclavius
Actions: depress clavicle

19
Q

What are the scapulothoracic joint ?

A

Joint formed between 3 plans of muscle
Movements smoothed by:
Subscapular bursa between subscapularis and serratus anterior
Scapulothoracic bursa between serratus anterior and external intercostals

20
Q

What are the humeral shaft muscles?

A

Deltoid

Teres major

21
Q

What are the characteristics of the deltoid?

A

Origin: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Actions: Flexion, abduction beyond 15 degrees, extension of arm

22
Q

What are the characteristics of the Teres major?

A

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubular groove of humerus
Innervation: Lower subscapular nerves
Actions: Extension, adduction and medial rotation of humerus

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Medially-Lateral surface of first 5 ribs and serratus posterior
Ventrally-pectoralis major and minor
Laterally-Intertubercular groove of humerus and its medial and lateral borders
Dorsally-subscapularis and ventral surface of scapula, teres major and minor, Latissimus Dorsi
Basally-Axillary fascia and skin

24
Q

What are the fascia of the axillary region?

A

Clavipectoral fascia
Pectoral
Axillary
Deltopectoral triangle

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the brachial fascia?

A

Proximally is a continuation of the pectoral, deltoid and axillary fasciae
Distally continued by the antebrachial fascia
Laterally forms the lateral intermuscular septum
Medially forms medial intermuscular septum
Intermuscular septa divide arm into anterior (flexor) and posterior(extensor) compartments

26
Q

What are the muscles of the arm?

A 
Bicep brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis 
Brachioradialis 
Tricep brachii
Aconeus
27
Q

What are the characteristics of the biceps brachii?

A

Origin: long head from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head from coracoid process
Insertion: Tuberosity of the radius, bicipitoradial bursa protects tendon
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Actions: Supination, flexion of arm and forearm

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the brachialis ?

A 
Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vascularization: Radial recurrent artery
Actions: primary flexor of forearm
29
Q

What are the characteristics of the coracobrachialis?

A

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: medial surface of humerus
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Actions: Adduction and flexion of arm

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the brachioradialis?

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of distal radius
Vascularization: radial recurrent artery
Actions: Flexion of elbow

31
Q

What are the characteristics of the triceps brachii?

A

Origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle, lateral head-posterior humerus superior to radial groove, Medial head-posterior humerus inferior to radial groove
Insertion:olecranon of ulna
Innervation: Radial nerve
Actions: Extension of elbow

32
Q

what are the characteristics of the aconeus?

A

Origin- lateral epicondyle
Insertion-lateral side of olecranon
Innervation- radial nerve
Actions-stabilize elbow during extension

33
Q

What are the characteristics of the spaces of the upper limbs?

A

Formed by teres major and minor and long head of tricep brachii
Quadrangular space-axillary nerve an posterior circumflex humeral artery
Triangular space-circumflex scapular artery deep to space
Triangular interval-deep artery of arm and radial nerve

34
Q

What are the characteristics of radial collateral ligament?

A

Originates from lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Crosses humeroradial joint
Integrates in annular ligament which maintain radioulnar joint

35
Q

What are the characteristics of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Spans from the radial epicondyle to the coronoid process and olecranon
Possesses 3 components: anterior band, posterior band and oblique band

36
Q

What is the course of the median nerve?

A

Comes from median and lateral cords of brachial plexus
Runs with brachial artery
Crosses brachial artery

37
Q

What is the course of the ulnar nerve ?

A

From medial cord of brachial plexus
Runs along medial side of brachial artery
Pierces the medial intramuscular septum into posterior compartment
Passes posterior to the medial epicondyle into the forearm

Anatomy (20 decks)

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