Anterior Triangle Of The Neck Flashcards
What are the different triangles in the anterior neck?
Submandibular triangle
Submental triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
What are the boundaries and the contents of the submental triangle?
Anterior belly of the digastric, hyoid bone and median plane from chin to middle of hyoid bone
Contents: mylohyoid and submental lymph nodes
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
Anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric, inferior margin of the mandible
Which are the muscles of the submandibular triangle?
Anterior belly of digastric-innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric-innervated by the facial nerve
Stylohyoid-medial to posterior belly of the digastric, near hyoid bone fibers split and go on either side of the digastric tendon
Mylohyoid-deep to anterior belly
Hypoglossus
What are the characteristics of the hypoglossus muscle?
Attaches inferiorly to the body and greater horns of the hyoid bone
Courses superiorly to attaches to tongue
Posterior and deep to mylohyoid with a gap for passage of hypoglossal and lingual nerves
Innervated by the hypoglossal nerves
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland-occupies most of the triangle
Facial vein-superficial to the submandibular gland
Facial artery-deep to the submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes-adjacent to the gland
Hypoglossal nerve-innervates muscles of the tongue
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Anterior border of the SCM
Posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
Superior belly of omohyoid
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
Carotid arterial system Vagus nerve Internal jugular vein Deep jugular lymph nodes Ansa cervicalis
What are the characteristics of the carotid arterial system?
Right common carotid is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid is a branch of the aortic arch
Common carotid bifurcates into an internal carotid and an external carotid arteries
Carotid body is a chemoreceptor found near the bifurcation and monitor the level of oxygen
What are the characteristics of the internal carotid artery?
Has no branches in the neck
Contains a carotid sinus
Carotid sinus is a dilation at the beginning and serves as a baroreceptor
What are the characteristics of the external carotid?
Possesses 8 branches: 3 anteriorly, 2 posteriorly and medially the ascending pharyngeal artery
Courses through the parotid gland and terminally divides into:
Superficial temporal-supplies the temporal region of scalp and face
Maxillary artery- deep to to the mandible through the infratemporal fossa, supplies muscles of mastication, meninges, nasal and palatine regions
What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery?
Superior thyroid artery-supplies the upper part of the thyroid gland (superior branch supplies larynx)
Lingual artery-deep to hypoglossus to reach the tongue
Facial artery-may arise from a common stem with the lingual artery
What are the 2 posterior branches of the external carotid artery?
Occipital artery-supplies scalp on the back of the head
Posterior auricular artery-ascends posteriorly behind ear
What are the characteristics of the internal jugular vein?
Has dilations at its origin (superior bulb) and its inferior end (inferior bulb)
Inferior bulb possesses a valve to prevent blood flow toward the head
Deep cervical lymph nodes found along its surface
Unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Anterior border of the SCM
Superior belly of the omohyoid
Anterior midline of the neck
