Joints Of The Lower Limb And Gluteal Region 1 Flashcards
What are the ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
What are the characteristics of iliofemoral ligament?
Attaches to the ileum adjacent to the anterior inferior iliac spine to the femur
Inserts on the intertrochanteric line with a superior and inferior part forming a Y shape
Strongest ligament
What are the characteristics of pubofemoral ligament?
Attaches to the pubis near the obturator
Inserts into the lower part of the neck
Fibers mixed with inferior fibers of iliofemoral ligament
What are the characteristics of ischiofemoral ligament?
Attaches to the ischium behind and below the acetabulum
Spirals up and over and inserts on the greater trochanter
Some fibers mixed up with the superior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament
Others become circular to become the zona orbicularis
What are the sciatic foramina?
2 foramina:
Greater sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
What are the borders of the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrum
Sacrospinous ligament
Greater sciatic notch
What are the characteristics of the greater sciatic foramen?
Pierces by the piriformis muscle
Piriformis muscle divides the foramen into a suprapiriformis and infrapiriformis portions
What are the contents of the suprapiriformis portion?
Superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
What are the contents of infrapiriformis portion?
Inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve Internal pudendal artery and vein Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
What are the boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen?
Lesser sciatic notch
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
What are the contents off the lesser sciatic foramen?
Internal pudendal artery and vein
Pudendal nerve
Obturator internus
What are the superficial gluteal muscles?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the gluteus Maximus?
Origin: Back of ileum, sacrum, erector spinae tendon, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract
Function: extension, lateral rotation, abduction (upper), adduction (lower)
Innervation:Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the gluteus medius?
Origin: Anterior gluteal line, posterior gluteal line, deep fascia
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function:Abduction, Medial rotation (anterior fibers), Lateral rotation (posterior fibers)
innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply: superior gluteal artery
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the gluteus minimus?
Origin:Posterior gluteal line, inferior gluteal line
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Function: Abduction
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply: Superior gluteal artery
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the tensor fascia lata?
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine, anterior part of iliac crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Function: Flexion of hip, medial rotation, stabilization of hip and knee joints
Innervation:Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply: Superior gluteal artery
What are the deep group gluteal muscles?
Piriformis muscle Obturator internus Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the piriformis?
Origin:Sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: lateral rotation when extended, abduction when flexed, holds head of femur in acetabulum
Innervation: Nerve to piriformis (S1-2)
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the obturator internus?
Origin:Medial surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Function:lateral rotation when extended. Abduction when flexed, holds head of femur in acetabulum
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the superior gemellus?
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion:Greater trochanter
Function: Lateral rotation
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the Inferior gemellus?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Function: Lateral rotation
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
What are the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the quadratus femoris?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest
Function: Strong lateral rotator
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
What are the vessels of the gluteal region?
Superior gluteal vessels-above piriformis
Inferior gluteal vessels-Below piriformis with inferior gluteal nerve
Medial femoral circumflex vessels-between quadratus femoris and adductor Magnus
First perforating vessels-pierces adductor Magnus near linea aspera
Lateral femoral circumflex vessels-above neck of femur and lateral to the shaft below the greater trochanter
All vessels anastomose
What vessels form the cruciale anastomosis?
Inferior gluteal
Medial femoral circumflex
First perforating vessels
lateral femoral circumflex
What is the piriformis syndrome?
Piriformis compresses sciatic nerve
Usually starts with pain, tingling or numbness in buttocks
Can go down to leg-sciatica
Can be exacerbated by an early split in sciatic nerve
