Face And Scalp Flashcards
What are the muscles of the orbital opening?
Orbicularis oculi
Corrugator supercili
What are the functions of the orbicularis oculi?
Orbital part-protects
Palpebral part-moistened eyes by spreading tears
What are the functions of the corrugator supercili?
Draws the eyebrows toward the middle
Frowning, shielding eyes in bright light gesture
What are the muscles of the nasal group?
Nasalis-largest of the group
Procerus-at the roof of the nose, blends with occipitofrontalis
Depressor septi nasi-assists in widening nares
What are the functions of the nasalis?
Transverse part-compresses nares
Alar part- widens nares
What are the functions of the procerus?
Draws the medial portion of the eyebrows downward
What are the muscles of the mouth, lips and cheeks?
Orbicularis oris-around mouth Levator labii superioris Levator anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Zygomaticus minor attaches to the angle of the mouth Zygomaticus major attaches to the muscular part of upper lip Risorius-pull angle of mouth outward Mentalis Buccinator Platysma
What are the functions of the orbicularis oris?
Closes oral fissure
Compresses and protrudes lips (kissing)
What are the functions of the levator labii superioris and depressor labii inferioris?
Levator labii superioris elevates and everts upper lip
Depressor labii inferioris depresses and everts lower lip
What are the functions of the zygomaticus?
Zygomaticus major draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally (laughing)
Zygomaticus minor elevates the upper lip exposing the maxillary teeth
What are the functions of the levator anguli oris and depressor anguli oris?
Levator anguli oris elevates angle of the mouth and is deepest of the group
Depressor anguli oris depresses angle of the mouth downward laterally (sadness face)
What are the functions of the mentalis?
Elevates lower lip and skin of chin
What are the functions of the platysma?
Depresses mandible
Tenses skin of neck (tightness for shaving)
What are the functions of the buccinator?
Compresses cheeks against teeth
Resist distention when blowing, suckling
What are the auricular muscles?
Anterior auricular elevates and moves the ear forward
Superior auricular elevates ear
Posterior auricular retracts and elevates ear
What are the muscles of mastication?
2 superficial- temporalis and masseter
2 Deep-lateral and medial pterygoids
What are the characteristics of the temporalis?
Lies in the temporal fossa
Inserts in the coronoid process of the mandible
Elevates and retracts mandible
What are the characteristics of the masseter?
Superficial to the buccinator
Originates on the zygomatic arch and maxilla
Inserts in the angle of the mandible
Elevates jaw
What are the branches of the facial nerve superior to inferior?
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal pierces the buccinator Marginal mandibular Cervical Posterior auricular posterior to occipital belly
What are the layers of the scalp?
S-skin C-Connective tissue A-aponeurosis L-loose connective tissue (danger zone) P- Pericranium-dense layer of CT
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic gives 3 subdivisions
Maxillary gives 2 subdivisions
Mandibular gives multiple branches
What are the subdivisions of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Frontal nerve gives Supra-orbital and supra-trochlear
Nasociliary nerve gives infra-trochlear and external nasal
Lacrimal nerve
What are the subdivisions of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Zygomatic nerve gives the zygomaticotemporal and the zygomaticofacial
Infra-orbital nerve
What are the characteristics of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Possesses
A main trunk consists of the meningeal branch and the nerve to the medial pterygoid
An anterior division
A Posterior division
What are the branches of the anterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Nerve to masseter(mixed)
Deep temporal (motor)
Nerve to lateral pterygoid (motor)
Buccal nerve (sensory)
What are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve?
Auricular temporal-split by middle meningeal artery
Lingual nerve receives chorda tympani (branch of the facial nerve)
Inferior alveolar nerve
What are the characteristics of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Gives nerve to mylohyoid before entering the mandibulaire foramen
Terminates as the mental nerve
What are the cutaneous nerves of the scalp?
Anterior rami give the greater auricular and the lesser occipital nerves (C2,C3)
Posterior rami gives the greater occipital nerve (C2) and third occipital nerve (C3)
