Face And Scalp

Question 1

What are the muscles of the orbital opening?

Answer 1

Orbicularis oculi

Corrugator supercili

Question 2

What are the functions of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 2

Orbital part-protects

Palpebral part-moistened eyes by spreading tears

Question 3

What are the functions of the corrugator supercili?

Answer 3

Draws the eyebrows toward the middle

Frowning, shielding eyes in bright light gesture

Question 4

What are the muscles of the nasal group?

Answer 4

Nasalis-largest of the group
Procerus-at the roof of the nose, blends with occipitofrontalis
Depressor septi nasi-assists in widening nares

Question 5

What are the functions of the nasalis?

Answer 5

Transverse part-compresses nares

Alar part- widens nares

Question 6

What are the functions of the procerus?

Answer 6

Draws the medial portion of the eyebrows downward

Question 7

What are the muscles of the mouth, lips and cheeks?

Answer 7

Orbicularis oris-around mouth
Levator labii superioris
Levator anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus minor attaches to the angle of the mouth 
Zygomaticus major attaches to the muscular part of upper lip
Risorius-pull angle of mouth outward
Mentalis
Buccinator
Platysma

Question 8

What are the functions of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 8

Closes oral fissure

Compresses and protrudes lips (kissing)

Question 9

What are the functions of the levator labii superioris and depressor labii inferioris?

Answer 9

Levator labii superioris elevates and everts upper lip

Depressor labii inferioris depresses and everts lower lip

Question 10

What are the functions of the zygomaticus?

Answer 10

Zygomaticus major draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally (laughing)
Zygomaticus minor elevates the upper lip exposing the maxillary teeth

Question 11

What are the functions of the levator anguli oris and depressor anguli oris?

Answer 11

Levator anguli oris elevates angle of the mouth and is deepest of the group
Depressor anguli oris depresses angle of the mouth downward laterally (sadness face)

Question 12

What are the functions of the mentalis?

Answer 12

Elevates lower lip and skin of chin

Question 13

What are the functions of the platysma?

Answer 13

Depresses mandible

Tenses skin of neck (tightness for shaving)

Question 14

What are the functions of the buccinator?

Answer 14

Compresses cheeks against teeth

Resist distention when blowing, suckling

Question 15

What are the auricular muscles?

Answer 15

Anterior auricular elevates and moves the ear forward
Superior auricular elevates ear
Posterior auricular retracts and elevates ear

Question 16

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 16

2 superficial- temporalis and masseter

2 Deep-lateral and medial pterygoids

Question 17

What are the characteristics of the temporalis?

Answer 17

Lies in the temporal fossa
Inserts in the coronoid process of the mandible
Elevates and retracts mandible

Question 18

What are the characteristics of the masseter?

Answer 18

Superficial to the buccinator
Originates on the zygomatic arch and maxilla
Inserts in the angle of the mandible
Elevates jaw

Question 19

What are the branches of the facial nerve superior to inferior?

Answer 19

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal pierces the buccinator
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
Posterior auricular posterior to occipital belly

Question 20

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 20

S-skin
C-Connective tissue
A-aponeurosis
L-loose connective tissue (danger zone)
P- Pericranium-dense layer of CT

Question 21

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 21

Ophthalmic gives 3 subdivisions
Maxillary gives 2 subdivisions
Mandibular gives multiple branches

Question 22

What are the subdivisions of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 22

Frontal nerve gives Supra-orbital and supra-trochlear
Nasociliary nerve gives infra-trochlear and external nasal
Lacrimal nerve

Question 23

What are the subdivisions of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 23

Zygomatic nerve gives the zygomaticotemporal and the zygomaticofacial
Infra-orbital nerve

Question 24

What are the characteristics of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 24

Possesses
A main trunk consists of the meningeal branch and the nerve to the medial pterygoid
An anterior division
A Posterior division

Question 25

What are the branches of the anterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 25

Nerve to masseter(mixed)
Deep temporal (motor)
Nerve to lateral pterygoid (motor)
Buccal nerve (sensory)

Question 26

What are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 26

Auricular temporal-split by middle meningeal artery
Lingual nerve receives chorda tympani (branch of the facial nerve)
Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 27

What are the characteristics of the inferior alveolar nerve?

Answer 27

Gives nerve to mylohyoid before entering the mandibulaire foramen
Terminates as the mental nerve

Question 28

What are the cutaneous nerves of the scalp?

Answer 28

Anterior rami give the greater auricular and the lesser occipital nerves (C2,C3)
Posterior rami gives the greater occipital nerve (C2) and third occipital nerve (C3)