Deep Back Flashcards
What are the different layers of the deep back ?
Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Deep layer
Suboccipital layer
What are the muscles that constitue the superficial layer?
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
What are the origin,insertion and innervation of the splenius capitis?
Origin: Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3
Insertion: mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line
Innervation: Middle cervical nerves
What are the origin ,insertionand innervation of the splenius cervicis?
Origin: Spinous process of T3-T6
Insertion: Transverse process of C1-C3
Innervation: Lower cervical nerves
What are the main actions of the Splenii?
Bilaterally extend head
Unilaterally flexion of the neck and head and ipsilateral rotation
What are the muscles of the intermediate layer?
Erector spinae composed from laterally to medially of 3 muscles:
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
What are the origin of the erector spinae?
Posterior sacrum, iliac crest, sacrospinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, spinous processes of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae
What are the insertions of the iliocostalis?
Angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
What are the insertions of the longissimus?
Between tubercles and angles of ribs, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process
What are the insertions of the spinalis?
Spinous processes of upper thoracic and midecrvical vertebrae
What are the main actions of the erector spinae?
Extends and laterally bends vertebral column and head
What are the muscles of the deep layer of the deep back?
Tranversospinalis composed of 3 muscles from most superficial to the deepest
Semispinalis
Multifidi
Rotatores
What are the origin and insertion of the semispinalis?
Origin: Transverse processes of C4-T12
Insertion: Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic regions
What are the Muscle actions of the semispinalis?
Extends head, neck and thorax and contralateral rotation
What are the origin and insertion of the multifidi?
Origin: Sacrum, ilium and transverse processes of T1-T12 and articular processes of C4-C7
Insertion: Spinous processes of vertebrae above
What are the muscle actions of the multifidi?
Stabilize spine
What are the origin and insertion of the rotatores?
Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: Lamina and transverse process of spine above
What are the muscle actions of the rotatores?
Stabilize, extend and rotate spine
What are the muscles of the suboccipital?
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliqus capitis superior
Obliqus capitis inferior
What are the origin and insertion of the rectus capitis minor?
Origin: Tubercle of posterior arch of atlas
Insertion: Median inferior nuchal line
What are the origin and insertion of the rectus capitis major?
Origin: Spine of axis
Insertion: lateral inferior nuchal line
What are the origin and insertion of the obliqus capitis inferior?
Origin:Spine of axis
Insertion: transverse process of atlas
What are the origin and insertion of the obliqus capitis superior?
Origin: Transverse process of Atlas
Insertion: Occipital bone
What is the innervation of the muscles of the suboccipital?
Suboccipital nerve
What are the muscle actions off the muscles of the suboccipital?
Rectus capitis: head extension and ipsilateral rotation
Obliqus superior: head extension and flexion
Obliqus inferior: Ipsilateral rotation
