Deep Back

Question 1

What are the different layers of the deep back ?

Answer 1

Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Deep layer
Suboccipital layer

Question 2

What are the muscles that constitue the superficial layer?

Answer 2

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis

Question 3

What are the origin,insertion and innervation of the splenius capitis?

Answer 3

Origin: Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3
Insertion: mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line
Innervation: Middle cervical nerves

Question 4

What are the origin ,insertionand innervation of the splenius cervicis?

Answer 4

Origin: Spinous process of T3-T6
Insertion: Transverse process of C1-C3
Innervation: Lower cervical nerves

Question 5

What are the main actions of the Splenii?

Answer 5

Bilaterally extend head

Unilaterally flexion of the neck and head and ipsilateral rotation

Question 6

What are the muscles of the intermediate layer?

Answer 6

Erector spinae composed from laterally to medially of 3 muscles:
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 7

What are the origin of the erector spinae?

Answer 7

Posterior sacrum, iliac crest, sacrospinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, spinous processes of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae

Question 8

What are the insertions of the iliocostalis?

Answer 8

Angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

Question 9

What are the insertions of the longissimus?

Answer 9

Between tubercles and angles of ribs, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process

Question 10

What are the insertions of the spinalis?

Answer 10

Spinous processes of upper thoracic and midecrvical vertebrae

Question 11

What are the main actions of the erector spinae?

Answer 11

Extends and laterally bends vertebral column and head

Question 12

What are the muscles of the deep layer of the deep back?

Answer 12

Tranversospinalis composed of 3 muscles from most superficial to the deepest
Semispinalis
Multifidi
Rotatores

Question 13

What are the origin and insertion of the semispinalis?

Answer 13

Origin: Transverse processes of C4-T12
Insertion: Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic regions

Question 14

What are the Muscle actions of the semispinalis?

Answer 14

Extends head, neck and thorax and contralateral rotation

Question 15

What are the origin and insertion of the multifidi?

Answer 15

Origin: Sacrum, ilium and transverse processes of T1-T12 and articular processes of C4-C7
Insertion: Spinous processes of vertebrae above

Question 16

What are the muscle actions of the multifidi?

Answer 16

Stabilize spine

Question 17

What are the origin and insertion of the rotatores?

Answer 17

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: Lamina and transverse process of spine above

Question 18

What are the muscle actions of the rotatores?

Answer 18

Stabilize, extend and rotate spine

Question 19

What are the muscles of the suboccipital?

Answer 19

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliqus capitis superior
Obliqus capitis inferior

Question 20

What are the origin and insertion of the rectus capitis minor?

Answer 20

Origin: Tubercle of posterior arch of atlas
Insertion: Median inferior nuchal line

Question 21

What are the origin and insertion of the rectus capitis major?

Answer 21

Origin: Spine of axis
Insertion: lateral inferior nuchal line

Question 22

What are the origin and insertion of the obliqus capitis inferior?

Answer 22

Origin:Spine of axis
Insertion: transverse process of atlas

Question 23

What are the origin and insertion of the obliqus capitis superior?

Answer 23

Origin: Transverse process of Atlas
Insertion: Occipital bone

Question 24

What is the innervation of the muscles of the suboccipital?

Answer 24

Suboccipital nerve

Question 25

What are the muscle actions off the muscles of the suboccipital?

Answer 25

Rectus capitis: head extension and ipsilateral rotation
Obliqus superior: head extension and flexion
Obliqus inferior: Ipsilateral rotation