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Anatomy > Superficial Back > Flashcards

Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organization of spinal cord and spinal nerves?

A

Rootlets (located anterior and posterior) merge into roots.
Roots merge into spinal nerve
Spinal nerve bifurcates into a dorsal primary and ventral primary rami
Each ramus is mixed with a sensory and motor component

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of the fasciae?

A

Located under the skin
Has 2 components:
A superficial fasciae with more adipose tissue
A deep fasciae slippery and membranous that allow the movements of muscles

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the back?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboids major and minor

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4
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the back ?

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the trapezius muscle?

A

Large, flat and triangular
Broad midline base
Extends from the skull to lower thoracic spine to the shoulder
Most superficial muscle of the back

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6
Q

What are the origins of the Trapezius?

A

Medial 1/3 of superior nucheal line
External occipital protuberance
Ligamentum nuchae
Spinous process of T1-T12

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7
Q

What are the insertion of the Trapezius?

A

The upper fibers insert in the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, the acromion and the spine of the scapula
The middle and lower fibers insert in the spine of the scapula and the tubercle of the spine

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8
Q

What are the Trapezius muscle actions?

A

Stabilize the scapula
Elevates shoulder
Retracts scapula
Rotates
Bilateral contraction causes head extension
Unilateral contraction causes neck lateral flexion

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9
Q

What is the motor innervation of the Trapezius

A

Cranial nerve 11 or accessory nerve
Proprioreceptive fibers to spinal cord levels C3 and C4 provide feedback for more effective contraction or maintenance of contraction

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Largest,flat amend triangular muscle with broad base in the trunk

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11
Q

What are the origins of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia over spinous processes of T7-S5
Iliac crest
Inferior angle of scapula
9-12th ribs

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12
Q

What are the insertions sites for the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Humerus

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13
Q

What are the latissimus dorsi muscle actions?

A 
Extension of the arm
Adduction of the arm
Internal; rotation of the arm
Rowing muscle
Climbing muscle
Swimming muscle during downstroke
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14
Q

What is the innervation of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

The thoracodorsal nerve from C6, C7 and C8 spinal nerves

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Anterior to trapezius

2 muscles: minor and major

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16
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboids?

A

Minor arise from midline cervico -thoracic region

major midline upper thoracic region

17
Q

What is the insertion site of the rhomboids?

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

18
Q

What are the rhomboids muscle actions?

A

Retract the scapula
Movement of the shoulder girdle
Stabilize the scapula when other muscle groups are active

19
Q

What are the characteristics of the levator scapulae?

A

Anterior to trapezius

Situated in posterior part of the neck

20
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

21
Q

What is the insertion site of the levator scapulae?

A

Vertebral margin of scapula between superior angle and root of spine

22
Q

What are the levator scapulae muscle actions?

A

Works with Trapezius
Elevates and retracts shoulder girdle
Resist downward girdle movements
Contraction in both sides with trapezius causes extension of neck
Contraction on one side with trapezius causes lateral flexion of the neck

23
Q

What is the innervation for the rhomboids and the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve from C5

24
Q

What is the characteristics of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

A

Thin and fibrous

Anterior to Rhomboids

25
Q

What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Midline of the cervico thoracic transition

26
Q

What is the insertion site of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Uppermost ribs

27
Q

What are the serratus posterior superior muscle actions?

A

Elevates rib to assist in inspiration

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the serratus posterior inferior(SPI)?

A

Thin and fibrous

Anterior to latissimus dorsi

29
Q

What is the origin of the SPI?

A

Midline of the thoracolumbar lumbar transition

30
Q

What is the insertion site of the SPI?

A

Lowest ribs

31
Q

What are the SPI muscle actions?

A

Lower ribs assisting in expiration

32
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior and inferior?

A

Anterior primary rami of intercostal nerves

33
Q

What is the triangle of auscultation?

A

Triangle formed by the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and the scapula

Anatomy (20 decks)

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