Triangles Of The Neck 1

Question 1

What is the muscle that is superficial and covered the anterior of the neck

Answer 1

Platysma

Question 2

Which muscle separates the neck into an anterior and posterior triangle?

Answer 2

The sternocleidomastoid

Question 3

What is the concavité of the superior edge of the manubrium?

Answer 3

Suprasternal or jugular notch

Question 4

What is the depression between the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 4

Lesser supraclavicular fossa

Question 5

Where is the greater supraclavicular fossa located?

Answer 5

Lateral to the clavicular attachment of the sternocleidomastoid.

Question 6

What vessel can be felt in the greater supraclavicular fossa?

Answer 6

The subclavian artery

Question 7

What is the course of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 7

Runs on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene

Question 8

Between which 2 muscles can you find the brachial plexus?

Answer 8

Anterior and middle scalenes

Question 9

Which nerve innervated the platysma?

Answer 9

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

Question 10

What are the different layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 10

Superficial or investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer
Carotid sheath

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the superficial or investing layer?

Answer 11

Encircles the neck completely

Splits and reunites to invest the trapezius and SCM

Question 12

What a characteristics of the pretracheal layer?

Answer 12

Possesses a muscular layer that invest the infrahyoid muscles and a visceral layer that surrounds the trachea,larynx
Fuse with the fibrous pericardium

Question 13

What are the characteristics of the carotid sheath?

Answer 13

Surrounds the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve

Question 14

What are the characteristics of the Prevertebral fascia?

Answer 14

Has 2 layers
Posterior lamina in contact with the Prevertebral muscles
Anterior lamina also called the alar fascia which connect with the carotid sheath and separates the retropharyngeal space into a danger space.
Contains the phrenic nerve between the fascia and anterior scalene

Question 15

What are the spaces formed by the fascia?

Answer 15

Pretracheal space
Retropharyngeal space
Lateral pharyngeal space

Question 16

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 16

Anterior border of the SCM
Mandible
Anterior midline of the neck

Question 17

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 17

Posterior border of the SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Clavicle

Question 18

What are the cutaneous nerves of the anterior triangle?

Answer 18

Transverse cervical nerve which crosses the SCM anteriorly and supply anterior neck
Great auricular nerve emerges from the posterior border of the SCM and ascends to ear

Question 19

What are the cutaneous nerve of the posterior triangle?

Answer 19

Lesser occipital nerve

Supraclavicular nerves- medial intermediate and lateral

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the external jugular vein?

Answer 20

Formed by the posterior auricular vein and posterior division of the retromandibular vein
Courses inferiorly, vertically and superficially on the surface of the SCM
Empties into the subclavian vein

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the anterior jugular vein?

Answer 21

Union of the submandibular and submental veins
Empties into the external jugular vein passing deep into the SCM
The 2 anterior jugular veins form jugular venous arch

Question 22

What are the characteristics of the anterior communicating vein?

Answer 22

Frequently present on the anterior border of the SCM

Interconnects common facial, anterior and external jugular veins an/or internal jugular veins

Question 23

What are the muscles on the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 23

From superior and posterior
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Posterior scalene
Middle scalene
Anterior scalene

Question 24

What formed the cervical plexus?

Answer 24

Ventral rami of spinal nerves of C1-C4
Give cutaneous branches-lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical and supraclavicular nerves
Muscular branches- phrenic nerve, ansa cervicalis

Question 25

What are the characteristics of the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 25

Has a superior root (c1-c2)
Inferior root (c2-c3)
Provides motor innervation for the infrahyoid muscles