Upper GI Flashcards
Upper G.I.
mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Salivary glands of the mouth
parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Saliva
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates and starch
amylase
pharyngeal muscles
Soft palate
Epiglottis
Dysphasia
Difficulty swallowing
Odynophagia
Difficulty, swallowing and accompanied by pain
esophagus
tube that directs the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
epiglottis
Prevents bolus entering the trachea
Upper esophageal sphincter
Opens for swallowing, skeletal muscle
lower esophageal sphincter
Smooth muscle
Role in acid reflux,
diaphragm reinforces
lining of esophagus
Stratified squamous epithelium
hiatal hernia
Section of the stomach protrudes up through an opening
Most common cause for gastroesophageal reflux
Congenital abnormalities
Atresia - congenital closure
with or without esophageal tracheal fistula
Stricture
Increased fibrosis in sclerosis
increased muscular component
Role of stomach
Storage-regulates rate of passage to small intestine
defense - acid to destroy bacteria
Digestion - chemical and mechanical forms chyme
Absorption - from G.I. lumen to ECF
Motility - movement due to muscle contraction
Secretion!!
secretion in the stomach
Gastrin G cells stimulates HCL production
somatostatin - D cells Inhibits HCl
hCl and intrinsic factor parietal cells
Pepsinogen and gastric lipase (chief cells)
mucous and HCO3
ghrelin
Histamine
HCl and intrinsic factor in the stomach
Parietal cells
hCl activates pepsinogen and defense
Intrinsic factor - absorption of vitamin B 12 by the terminal ileum
Triggers somatostatin
histamine in the stomach
enterochromaffin like cells
Stimulates HCl production
pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Digest proteins and fats
stomach has, which epithelium
Cuboidal glandular epithelium
